Post-contrast abdominal magnetic resonance imaging of critically ill patients using compressed sensing free-breathing golden radial angle imaging

Obtaining diagnostic-quality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen in critically ill patients can be difficult due to challenges with breath-holding and the inability to follow tech-nologist instructions. Protocols that harness advances in commercially available MRI techniques provide a potential solution, particularly using the golden radial angle sparse parallel (GRASP) technique for dynamic post-contrast T1-weighted imaging. The GRASP technique uses a combination of free-breathing, a stack-of-stars radial acquisition, and compressed sensing reconstruction acquired over several minutes to produce motion-free images at time points defined by the user; these in-clude the non-contrast, arterial, venous, and delayed images, which are typical of abdominal MRI protocols. The three cases discussed herein illustrate the use of this technique in providing both exquisite image quality and diagnostic value in the care of critically ill patients with hepatopancre-aticobiliary diseases. Our work aims to raise awareness of this technique and its utility in imaging patients who cannot hold their breath for dynamic T1-weighted post-contrast imaging.