TY - JOUR
T1 - Plastid osmotic stress influences cell differentiation at the plant shoot apex
AU - Wilson, Margaret E.
AU - Mixdorf, Matthew
AU - Berg, R. Howard
AU - Haswell, Elizabeth S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) [MCB- 1253103]; and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX13AM55G]. Deposited in PMC for release after 12 months.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.
PY - 2016/9/15
Y1 - 2016/9/15
N2 - The balance between proliferation and differentiation in the plant shoot apical meristem is controlled by regulatory loops involving the phytohormone cytokinin and stem cell identity genes. Concurrently, cellular differentiation in the developing shoot is coordinated with the environmental and developmental status of plastids within those cells. Here, we employ an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant exhibiting constitutive plastid osmotic stress to investigate the molecular and genetic pathways connecting plastid osmotic stress with cell differentiation at the shoot apex. msl2 msl3 mutants exhibit dramatically enlarged and deformed plastids in the shoot apical meristem, and develop a mass of callus tissue at the shoot apex. Callus production in this mutant requires the cytokinin receptor AHK2 and is characterized by increased cytokinin levels, downregulation of cytokinin signaling inhibitors ARR7 and ARR15, and induction of the stem cell identity gene WUSCHEL. Furthermore, plastid stress-induced apical callus production requires elevated plastidic reactive oxygen species, ABA biosynthesis, the retrograde signaling protein GUN1, and ABI4. These results are consistent with a model wherein the cytokinin/WUS pathway and retrograde signaling control cell differentiation at the shoot apex.
AB - The balance between proliferation and differentiation in the plant shoot apical meristem is controlled by regulatory loops involving the phytohormone cytokinin and stem cell identity genes. Concurrently, cellular differentiation in the developing shoot is coordinated with the environmental and developmental status of plastids within those cells. Here, we employ an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant exhibiting constitutive plastid osmotic stress to investigate the molecular and genetic pathways connecting plastid osmotic stress with cell differentiation at the shoot apex. msl2 msl3 mutants exhibit dramatically enlarged and deformed plastids in the shoot apical meristem, and develop a mass of callus tissue at the shoot apex. Callus production in this mutant requires the cytokinin receptor AHK2 and is characterized by increased cytokinin levels, downregulation of cytokinin signaling inhibitors ARR7 and ARR15, and induction of the stem cell identity gene WUSCHEL. Furthermore, plastid stress-induced apical callus production requires elevated plastidic reactive oxygen species, ABA biosynthesis, the retrograde signaling protein GUN1, and ABI4. These results are consistent with a model wherein the cytokinin/WUS pathway and retrograde signaling control cell differentiation at the shoot apex.
KW - Arabidopsis thaliana
KW - Cytokinin
KW - Plastid
KW - Reactive oxygen species
KW - Retrograde signaling
KW - Shoot apical meristem
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84987792957&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1242/dev.136234
DO - 10.1242/dev.136234
M3 - Article
C2 - 27510974
AN - SCOPUS:84987792957
SN - 0950-1991
VL - 143
SP - 3382
EP - 3393
JO - Development
JF - Development
IS - 18
ER -