@article{aca1a785847f4c20b778c556698c8e07,
title = "Plasticity and Spontaneous Activity Pulses in Disused Human Brain Circuits",
abstract = "To induce brain plasticity in humans, we casted the dominant upper extremity for 2 weeks and tracked changes in functional connectivity using daily 30-min scans of resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Casting caused cortical and cerebellar regions controlling the disused extremity to functionally disconnect from the rest of the somatomotor system, while internal connectivity within the disused sub-circuit was maintained. Functional disconnection was evident within 48 h, progressed throughout the cast period, and reversed after cast removal. During the cast period, large, spontaneous pulses of activity propagated through the disused somatomotor sub-circuit. The adult brain seems to rely on regular use to maintain its functional architecture. Disuse-driven spontaneous activity pulses may help preserve functionally disconnected sub-circuits.",
keywords = "ALFF, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, cerebellum, disuse, fMRI, functional connectivity, plasticity, primary motor cortex, resting state, spontaneous activity, supplementary motor area",
author = "Newbold, {Dillan J.} and Laumann, {Timothy O.} and Hoyt, {Catherine R.} and Hampton, {Jacqueline M.} and Montez, {David F.} and Raut, {Ryan V.} and Mario Ortega and Anish Mitra and Nielsen, {Ashley N.} and Miller, {Derek B.} and Babatunde Adeyemo and Nguyen, {Annie L.} and Scheidter, {Kristen M.} and Tanenbaum, {Aaron B.} and Van, {Andrew N.} and Scott Marek and Schlaggar, {Bradley L.} and Carter, {Alexandre R.} and Greene, {Deanna J.} and Gordon, {Evan M.} and Raichle, {Marcus E.} and Petersen, {Steven E.} and Snyder, {Abraham Z.} and Dosenbach, {Nico U.F.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Deanna M. Barch and Jin-Moo Lee for their comments on this research and Scott Gericke for help with the visual presentation of the results. This work was supported by NIH grants F31NS110332 (D.J.N.), NS088590 (N.U.F.D.), TR000448 (N.U.F.D.), MH1000872 (T.O.L.), 1R25MH112473 (T.O.L.), 5T32 MH100019-02 (S.M.), MH104592 (D.J.G.), NS080675 (M.E.R.), and 1P30NS098577 (to the Neuroimaging Informatics and Analysis Center); the US Department of Veterans Affairs Clinical Sciences Research and Development Service grant 1IK2CX001680 (E.M.G.); Kiwanis Neuroscience Research Foundation (N.U.F.D. and B.L.S.); the Jacobs Foundation grant 2016121703 (N.U.F.D.); the Child Neurology Foundation (N.U.F.D.); the McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience (N.U.F.D. and B.L.S.); the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology grant 14-011 (N.U.F.D.); the Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (N.U.F.D. B.L.S. and S.E.P.). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. government. D.J.N. T.O.L. C.R.H. A.Z.S. and N.U.F.D. designed the study. A.N.N. and N.U.F.D. volunteered as participants. D.J.N. C.R.H. J.M.H. and K.M.S. collected the behavioral data. D.J.N. J.M.H. M.O. A.L.N. K.M.S. and N.U.F.D. collected the MRI data. D.J.N. T.O.L. C.R.H. D.F.M. M.O. D.B.M. B.A. A.B.T. A.N.V. E.M.G. and A.Z.S. analyzed the data. D.J.N. T.O.L. C.R.H. D.F.M. R.V.R. M.O. A.M. A.N.N. B.A. S.M. B.L.S. A.R.C. D.J.G. E.M.G. M.E.R. S.E.P. A.Z.S. and N.U.F.D. interpreted the results. D.J.N. T.O.L. M.E.R. A.Z.S. and N.U.F.D. wrote the manuscript with input from all other authors. The authors declare the following competing financial interest: N.U.F.D. is co-founder of NOUS Imaging. Funding Information: We thank Deanna M. Barch and Jin-Moo Lee for their comments on this research and Scott Gericke for help with the visual presentation of the results. This work was supported by NIH grants F31NS110332 (D.J.N.), NS088590 (N.U.F.D.), TR000448 (N.U.F.D.), MH1000872 (T.O.L.), 1R25MH112473 (T.O.L.), 5T32 MH100019-02 (S.M.), MH104592 (D.J.G.), NS080675 (M.E.R.), and 1P30NS098577 (to the Neuroimaging Informatics and Analysis Center); the US Department of Veterans Affairs Clinical Sciences Research and Development Service grant 1IK2CX001680 (E.M.G.); Kiwanis Neuroscience Research Foundation (N.U.F.D. and B.L.S.); the Jacobs Foundation grant 2016121703 (N.U.F.D.); the Child Neurology Foundation (N.U.F.D.); the McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience (N.U.F.D. and B.L.S.); the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology grant 14-011 (N.U.F.D.); the Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (N.U.F.D., B.L.S., and S.E.P.). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. government. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier Inc.",
year = "2020",
month = aug,
day = "5",
doi = "10.1016/j.neuron.2020.05.007",
language = "English",
volume = "107",
pages = "580--589.e6",
journal = "Neuron",
issn = "0896-6273",
number = "3",
}