TY - JOUR
T1 - PET-detected pneumonitis following curative-intent chemoradiation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
T2 - recognizing patterns and assessing the impact on the predictive ability of FDG-PET/CT response assessment
AU - Iravani, Amir
AU - Turgeon, Guy Anne
AU - Akhurst, Tim
AU - Callahan, Jason W.
AU - Bressel, Mathias
AU - Everitt, Sarah J.
AU - Siva, Shankar
AU - Hofman, Michael S.
AU - Hicks, Rodney J.
AU - Ball, David L.
AU - Mac Manus, Michael P.
N1 - Funding Information:
Conflict of interest We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication. A Iravani, GA Turgeon, T Akhurst, JW Callahan, M Bressel, SJ Everitt and MP Mac Manus have no disclosure. Through his institution, DL Ball has an advisory role for Pfizer Australia. RJ Hicks has ownership interest in Telix Radiopharmaceuticals. Through his institution, S Siva has an advisory role for Astellas Pharmaceuticals and Janssen Pharmaceuticals and receives research funding from Varian Medical Systems and Merck Sharp & Dohme Pharmaceuticals. S Siva received speakers’ bureau, travel/accommodations/expenses from Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals as well as travel/accommodation/expenses from Astellas Pharmaceuticals.
Funding Information:
Funding No funding was received for this study. However, the 18F-FLT/18F-FDG study (Australian Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12611001283965) work was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) (grant number APP1003895) and the Victorian Cancer Agency. The 68Ga-Ventilation/perfusion PET (Universal Trial Number: U1111-1138-4421) study was supported by funding from the NHMRC (grant number APP1038399) and from the Cancer Australia Priority-driven Collaborative Cancer Research Scheme (Project No. 1060919). Professor Hicks is supported by an NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship (APP1108050).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2019/8/1
Y1 - 2019/8/1
N2 - Purpose: Inflammatory FDG uptake in the lung (PET-pneumonitis) following curative-intent radiotherapy (RT)/chemo-RT (CRT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can pose a challenge in FDG-PET/CT response assessment. The aim of this study is to describe different patterns of PET-pneumonitis to guide the interpretation of FDG-PET/CT and investigate its association with tumor response and overall survival (OS). Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 87 NSCLC patients in three prospective trials who were treated with radical RT (n = 7) or CRT (n = 80), with baseline and post-treatment FDG-PET/CT. Visual criteria were performed for post-treatment FDG-PET/CT response assessment. The grading of PET-pneumonitis was based on relative lung uptake intensity compared to organs of reference and classified as per Deauville score from grade 1–5. Distribution patterns of PET-pneumonitis were defined as follows: A) patchy/sub-pleural; B) diffuse (involving more than a segment); and C) peripheral (diffusely surrounding a photopenic region). Results: Follow-up FDG-PET/CT scans were performed approximately 3 months (median, 89 days; interquartile range, 79–93) after RT. Overall, PET-pneumonitis was present in 62/87 (71%) of patients, with Deauville 2 or 3 in 12/62 (19%) and 4 or 5 in 50/62 (81%) of patients. The frequency of patterns A, B and C of PET-pneumonitis was 19/62 (31%), 20/62 (32%) and 23/62 (37%), respectively. No association was found between grade or pattern of PET-pneumonitis and overall response at follow-up PET/CT (p = 0.27 and p = 0.56, respectively). There was also no significant association between PET-pneumonitis and OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6–2.5; p = 0.45). Early FDG-PET/CT response assessment, however, was prognostic for OS (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2–2.2; p < 0.001). Conclusion: PET-pneumonitis is common in early post-CRT/RT, but pattern recognition may assist in response assessment by FDG-PET/CT. While FDG-PET/CT is a powerful tool for response assessment and prognostication, PET-pneumonitis does not appear to confound early response assessment or to independently predict OS.
AB - Purpose: Inflammatory FDG uptake in the lung (PET-pneumonitis) following curative-intent radiotherapy (RT)/chemo-RT (CRT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can pose a challenge in FDG-PET/CT response assessment. The aim of this study is to describe different patterns of PET-pneumonitis to guide the interpretation of FDG-PET/CT and investigate its association with tumor response and overall survival (OS). Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 87 NSCLC patients in three prospective trials who were treated with radical RT (n = 7) or CRT (n = 80), with baseline and post-treatment FDG-PET/CT. Visual criteria were performed for post-treatment FDG-PET/CT response assessment. The grading of PET-pneumonitis was based on relative lung uptake intensity compared to organs of reference and classified as per Deauville score from grade 1–5. Distribution patterns of PET-pneumonitis were defined as follows: A) patchy/sub-pleural; B) diffuse (involving more than a segment); and C) peripheral (diffusely surrounding a photopenic region). Results: Follow-up FDG-PET/CT scans were performed approximately 3 months (median, 89 days; interquartile range, 79–93) after RT. Overall, PET-pneumonitis was present in 62/87 (71%) of patients, with Deauville 2 or 3 in 12/62 (19%) and 4 or 5 in 50/62 (81%) of patients. The frequency of patterns A, B and C of PET-pneumonitis was 19/62 (31%), 20/62 (32%) and 23/62 (37%), respectively. No association was found between grade or pattern of PET-pneumonitis and overall response at follow-up PET/CT (p = 0.27 and p = 0.56, respectively). There was also no significant association between PET-pneumonitis and OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6–2.5; p = 0.45). Early FDG-PET/CT response assessment, however, was prognostic for OS (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2–2.2; p < 0.001). Conclusion: PET-pneumonitis is common in early post-CRT/RT, but pattern recognition may assist in response assessment by FDG-PET/CT. While FDG-PET/CT is a powerful tool for response assessment and prognostication, PET-pneumonitis does not appear to confound early response assessment or to independently predict OS.
KW - FDG-PET/CT
KW - Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
KW - PET response assessment
KW - PET-pneumonitis
KW - Radiation pneumonitis
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85067384725
U2 - 10.1007/s00259-019-04388-3
DO - 10.1007/s00259-019-04388-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 31190177
AN - SCOPUS:85067384725
SN - 1619-7070
VL - 46
SP - 1869
EP - 1877
JO - European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
JF - European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
IS - 9
ER -