Pcbchain: Lightweight reconfigurable blockchain primitives for secure iot applications

In the era of ubiquitous intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT) holds the promise as a breakthrough technology to enable diverse applications that benefit societal problems. Yet interconnecting myriad heterogeneous IoT devices across various application domains remain a security challenge. Decentralized technology has recently emerged as a powerful primitive in building distributed applications to facilitate secure transactions between mutually distrustful parties in a trustworthy manner. Unfortunately, these decentralized protocols demand computing resources and power far beyond the reach of resource-constrained IoT devices, preventing the full adoption of distributed consensus platform in the IoT setting. In this article, we address the key bottleneck to enable blockchain in resource-constrained IoT devices. We propose a lightweight implementation of proof-of-work (PoW) mining with reconfigurable hardware primitives. By replacing the hash and cryptographic functions in classic blockchain protocol with secure and efficient hardware implementations, our proposed solution can significantly reduce hardware resources and power overheads of PoW mining, while improving the transaction speed of large-scale IoT systems. Finally, we demonstrate the algorithm by proposing an antispoofing solution for GPS navigation among lightweight IoT devices. As a replacement for position computation, a mining process generates the expected coordinates with the correct initial value and function configuration.