TY - JOUR
T1 - Patient characteristics and outcome associations in AMPA receptor encephalitis
AU - Laurido-Soto, Osvaldo
AU - Brier, Matthew R.
AU - Simon, Laura E.
AU - McCullough, Austin
AU - Bucelli, Robert C.
AU - Day, Gregory S.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements Funding was provided by the American Academy of Neurology/American Brain Foundation (Clinical Research Training Fellowship to GSD).
Funding Information:
Conflicts of interest On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there are no conflicts of interest. Dr. Bucelli receives an annual gift from a patient’s family for Parsonage-Turner research; served on an advisory board for MT Pharma; and has equity in Neuro-questions, LLC. Dr. Day has served as a topic editor on dementia for DynaMed Plus (EBSCO Industries, Inc) and as clinical director for the Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Foundation (uncompensated). Dr. Day receives research/grant support from The American Academy of Neurology/American Brain Foundation, Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, the Foundation for Barnes Jewish Hospital, and the National Institutes of Health (P01AG03991, R56AG057195, U01AG057195) and holds stock in ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Day has provided record review and expert medical testimony on legal cases pertaining to management of Wernicke encephalopathy. All other authors have no relevant disclosures to report.
Funding Information:
Funding was provided by the?American Academy of Neurology/American Brain Foundation (Clinical Research Training Fellowship?to GSD).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2019/2/1
Y1 - 2019/2/1
N2 - Antibody-mediated encephalitis defines a class of diseases wherein antibodies directed at cell-surface receptors are associated with behavioral and cognitive disturbances. One such recently described encephalitis is due to antibodies directed at alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR). This entity is exceptionally rare and its clinical phenotype incompletely described. We present findings from two cases of AMPAR encephalitis that exemplify variability in the disease spectrum, and summarize findings in published cases derived from a systematic literature review. When all patients are considered together, the presence of psychiatric symptoms at presentation portended a poor outcome and was associated with the presence of a tumor. Furthermore, we provide evidence to suggest that the topography of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in reported cases mirrors the distribution of AMPARs in the human brain. The potential for neurological improvement following immunomodulatory therapy together with the favorable outcome reported in most cases emphasizes the importance of testing for autoantibodies against neuronal cell-surface proteins, including AMPAR, in patients with clinical and neuroimaging findings suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis. Close attention to the clinical phenotype may inform the presence of malignancy and long-term prognosis.
AB - Antibody-mediated encephalitis defines a class of diseases wherein antibodies directed at cell-surface receptors are associated with behavioral and cognitive disturbances. One such recently described encephalitis is due to antibodies directed at alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR). This entity is exceptionally rare and its clinical phenotype incompletely described. We present findings from two cases of AMPAR encephalitis that exemplify variability in the disease spectrum, and summarize findings in published cases derived from a systematic literature review. When all patients are considered together, the presence of psychiatric symptoms at presentation portended a poor outcome and was associated with the presence of a tumor. Furthermore, we provide evidence to suggest that the topography of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in reported cases mirrors the distribution of AMPARs in the human brain. The potential for neurological improvement following immunomodulatory therapy together with the favorable outcome reported in most cases emphasizes the importance of testing for autoantibodies against neuronal cell-surface proteins, including AMPAR, in patients with clinical and neuroimaging findings suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis. Close attention to the clinical phenotype may inform the presence of malignancy and long-term prognosis.
KW - Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor
KW - Autoimmune encephalitis
KW - Limbic encephalitis
KW - Paraneoplastic encephalitis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85058708997&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00415-018-9153-8
DO - 10.1007/s00415-018-9153-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 30560455
AN - SCOPUS:85058708997
VL - 266
SP - 450
EP - 460
JO - Journal of Neurology
JF - Journal of Neurology
SN - 0340-5354
IS - 2
ER -