TY - JOUR
T1 - PARIS and SPARTA
T2 - Finding the Achilles' Heel of SARS-CoV-2
AU - PARIS/SPARTA Study Group
AU - Simon, Viviana
AU - Kota, Vamsi
AU - Bloomquist, Ryan F.
AU - Hanley, Hannah B.
AU - Forgacs, David
AU - Pahwa, Savita
AU - Pallikkuth, Suresh
AU - Miller, Loren G.
AU - Schaenman, Joanna
AU - Yeaman, Michael R.
AU - Manthei, David
AU - Wolf, Joshua
AU - Gaur, Aditya H.
AU - Estepp, Jeremie H.
AU - Srivastava, Komal
AU - Carreño, Juan Manuel
AU - Cuevas, Frans
AU - Ellebedy, Ali H.
AU - Gordon, Aubree
AU - Valdez, Riccardo
AU - Cobey, Sarah
AU - Reed, Elaine F.
AU - Kolhe, Ravindra
AU - Thomas, Paul G.
AU - Schultz-Cherry, Stacey
AU - Ross, Ted M.
AU - Krammer, Florian
AU - Klebert, Michael K.
AU - Turner Wooseob, Jackson S.
AU - Kalaidina, Kim Elizaveta
AU - Presti, Rachel M.
AU - O'Halloran, Jane A.
AU - Haile, Alem
AU - Goss, Charles W.
AU - Rauseo, Adriana M.
AU - Schmitz, Aaron
AU - Lei, Tingting
AU - Williams, Erin
AU - Hoffer, Michael
AU - Alshammary, Hala
AU - Amoako, Angela A.
AU - Andre, Dalles
AU - Awawda, Mahmoud H.
AU - Beach, Katherine
AU - Bermúdez-González, Carolina
AU - Bielak, Dominika
AU - Cai, Gianna Y.
AU - Ceglia, Ilaria
AU - Cognigni, Christian
AU - Gleason, Charles
AU - Kawabata, Hisaaki
AU - Kleiner, Giulio
AU - Lyttle, Neko
AU - Mendez, Wanni
AU - Mulder, Lubbertus C.F.
AU - Oostenink, Annika
AU - Polanco, Jose
AU - Raskin, Ariel
AU - Rooker, Aria
AU - Salimbangon, Ashley
AU - Saksena, Miti
AU - Singh, Gagandeep
AU - Sominsky, Levy
AU - Tcheou, Johnstone
AU - Kowalski-Dobson, Theresa
AU - Gherasim, Carmen
AU - Stoneman, Emily
AU - Kawaoka, Yoshihiro
AU - Halfman, Peter
AU - Bakker, Kevin
AU - Blanc, Victoria
AU - Sneeringer, Savanna
AU - Paulauskis, Joe
AU - Bird, Jamie
AU - Warsinske, Lauren
AU - Chowdhury, Mahboob
AU - Davis, Dawson
AU - Meyers, Alyssa
AU - Lindsey, Kathleen
AU - Tutino, Rebecca
AU - Baker, Brittany
AU - Bolle, Charlotte
AU - Bratt, Debbie
AU - Briggs, Courtney
AU - Buescher, Lillian
AU - Burris, Jasmine
AU - Byrne, Jordan
AU - Carlock, Michael
AU - Fagan, Patrick
AU - Gattiker, Jasper
AU - Gokanapudi, Naveen
AU - Hamwy, Omar
AU - Hill, Tejal
AU - Howland, Lauren
AU - Ji, Hana
AU - Mailloux, Katie
AU - Phillips, Brad
AU - Schmitz, Kimberly
AU - Shi, Hua
AU - Smith, Cleopatria
AU - Waits, Terrie
AU - Whitesell, Emma
AU - Allen, E. Kaitlynn
AU - Allison, Kim
AU - Hakim, Hana
AU - Hayden, Randall T.
AU - Hijano, Diego R.
AU - Hoffman, James
AU - McGargill, Maureen A.
AU - Mori, Tomi
AU - Tang, Li
AU - Tuomanen, Elaine
AU - Webby, Richard
AU - Bajracharya, Resha
AU - Cherry, Sean
AU - Clark, Brandi L.
AU - Dallas, Ronald H.
AU - Fabrizio, Thomas
AU - Hodges, Jason
AU - Gowen, Ashleigh
AU - Lin, Chun Yang
AU - Russell-Bell, Jamie
AU - Sparks, James
AU - Wittman, David E.
AU - Van de Velde, Lee Ann
AU - Wilson, Taylor L.
AU - Roubidoux, Ericka Kirkpatrick
AU - Cortez, Valerie
AU - Freiden, Pamela
AU - Wohlgemuth, Nicholas
AU - Whitt, Kendall
AU - Farmaha, Jaspreet
AU - James, Jeffrey N.
AU - Carlock, Caroline Marie
AU - Fransoso, Drew
AU - Mondal, Ashis
AU - Sahajpal, Nikhil
AU - Churchwell, Lara
AU - Jones, Kimya
AU - Ananth, Sudha
AU - Williams, Colin
AU - Patel, Reeya
AU - Ray, Patty
AU - Danielle, Bradshaw
AU - Moore, Justin
AU - Flores, Evelyn
AU - Kupferwasser, Deborah
AU - Merino, Prudencio
AU - Tran, Donna Phan
AU - Jenkins, Meagan M.
AU - Bi, Qifang
N1 - Funding Information:
FIG 1 Overview of the PARIS/SPARTA cohorts. (A) Geographic location of the different sites in the United States. Blue stars indicate sites supported by 75N93019C00051, red stars indicate sites supported by 75N93019C00052. (B) Timeline of the pandemic in the United States and the establishment of the different cohorts. The U.S. map in panel A was used as permitted under a CC0 license (source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blank_USA,_w_territories.svg).
Funding Information:
Editor Angela L. Rasmussen, University of Saskatchewan Copyright © 2022 Simon et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Address correspondence to Ted M. Ross, tedross@uga.edu, or Florian Krammer, florian.krammer@mssm.edu. The authors declare a conflict of interest. The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai has filed patent applications relating to SARS-CoV-2 serological assays (inventors named FK, VS) and NDV-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (inventor named FK). FK would also like to note the following, which could be perceived as a conflict of interest: He has previously published work on influenza virus vaccines with S. Gilbert (University of Oxford), has consulted for Curevac, Merck and Pfizer (before 2020), is currently consulting for Pfizer, Seqirus, Third Rock Ventures and Avimex, his laboratory is collaborating with Pfizer on animal models of SARS-CoV-2, his laboratory is collaborating with N. Pardi at the University of Pennsylvania on mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, his laboratory was working in the past with GlaxoSmithKline on the development of influenza virus vaccines and two of his mentees have recently joined Moderna. RK reports consulting fees, honoraria, travel funding, and research support from Illumina, QIAGEN, and Perkin Elmer which manufactures SARS-CoV-2 testing and sequencing kits. Received 2 April 2022 Accepted 13 April 2022 Published 19 May 22
Funding Information:
We thank the study participants for their continued generosity and willingness to support COVID-19 research. We thank Teresa Hauguel, Stacy Ferguson, Debbie Bratt, and Diane Post at NIAID for their scientific input and encouragement during these challenging times. This work is part of the PARIS/SPARTA studies funded by the NIAID Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVIC) contracts 75N93019C00051 and 75N93019C00052. T.M.R. is supported by the Georgia Research Alliance as an eminent scholar. We also thank the University of Georgia Clinical and Translational Research Unit (CTRU) for assistance. The CTRU is supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award number UL1TR002378. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. SPARTA LA was also supported by the UCLA W. M. Keck Foundation COVID 19 Research Award Program.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Simon et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - To understand reinfection rates and correlates of protection for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we established eight different longitudinal cohorts in 2020 under the umbrella of the PARIS (Protection Associated with Rapid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2)/SPARTA (SARS SeroPrevalence And Respiratory Tract Assessment) studies. Here, we describe the PARIS/SPARTA cohorts, the harmonized assays and analysis that are performed across the cohorts, as well as case definitions for SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection that have been established by the team of PARIS/SPARTA investigators. IMPORTANCE Determining reinfection rates and correlates of protection against SARSCoV-2 infection induced by both natural infection and vaccination is of high significance for the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, understanding reinfections or infection after vaccination and the role immune escape plays in these scenarios will inform the need for updates of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and help update guidelines suitable for the postpandemic world.
AB - To understand reinfection rates and correlates of protection for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we established eight different longitudinal cohorts in 2020 under the umbrella of the PARIS (Protection Associated with Rapid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2)/SPARTA (SARS SeroPrevalence And Respiratory Tract Assessment) studies. Here, we describe the PARIS/SPARTA cohorts, the harmonized assays and analysis that are performed across the cohorts, as well as case definitions for SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection that have been established by the team of PARIS/SPARTA investigators. IMPORTANCE Determining reinfection rates and correlates of protection against SARSCoV-2 infection induced by both natural infection and vaccination is of high significance for the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, understanding reinfections or infection after vaccination and the role immune escape plays in these scenarios will inform the need for updates of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and help update guidelines suitable for the postpandemic world.
KW - COVID-19
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - antibodies
KW - cohort study
KW - reinfection
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85133214810&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1128/msphere.00179-22
DO - 10.1128/msphere.00179-22
M3 - Article
C2 - 35586986
AN - SCOPUS:85133214810
SN - 2379-5042
VL - 7
JO - mSphere
JF - mSphere
IS - 3
ER -