TY - JOUR
T1 - NREM sleep instability is reduced in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder
AU - Miano, Silvia
AU - Donfrancesco, Renato
AU - Bruni, Oliviero
AU - Ferri, Raffaele
AU - Galiffa, Serafina
AU - Pagani, Jacopo
AU - Montemitro, Enza
AU - Kheirandish, Leila
AU - Gozal, David
AU - Villa, Maria Pia
PY - 2006/6/1
Y1 - 2006/6/1
N2 - Study Objectives: To evaluate non-rapid eye movement sleep instability (NREM), as measured by the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP), in a cohort of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal controls. Design: Prospective study. Settings: Sleep laboratory. Participants: Twenty consecutive outpatients with ADHD (18 boys and 2 girls; age range 6-13 years, mean age 9.3 years) and 20 normal children matched for age and socioeconomic status underwent polysomnographic recordings for 2 consecutive nights in a standard laboratory setting. Sleep was visually scored for sleep macrostructure and CAP, according to standard criteria. Measurements and Results: Children with ADHD showed significantly reduced sleep duration and increased rate of stage shifts. All children with ADHD had an apnea-hypopnea index less than 1. Those with ADHD presented lower total CAP rates and lower CAP rates during sleep stage 2 than did normal controls. Moreover, in children with ADHD, we found a lower number of CAP sequences and a reduced total A1 index, mainly in light sleep (sleep stages 1 and 2). We did not find differences in A subtype percentages, but there was a longer duration of A1 subtypes in children with ADHD. Conclusions: Children with ADHD showed a lower CAP rate and a lower number of CAP sequences; this supports the hypothesis of the existence of a hypoarousal state in these patients.
AB - Study Objectives: To evaluate non-rapid eye movement sleep instability (NREM), as measured by the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP), in a cohort of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal controls. Design: Prospective study. Settings: Sleep laboratory. Participants: Twenty consecutive outpatients with ADHD (18 boys and 2 girls; age range 6-13 years, mean age 9.3 years) and 20 normal children matched for age and socioeconomic status underwent polysomnographic recordings for 2 consecutive nights in a standard laboratory setting. Sleep was visually scored for sleep macrostructure and CAP, according to standard criteria. Measurements and Results: Children with ADHD showed significantly reduced sleep duration and increased rate of stage shifts. All children with ADHD had an apnea-hypopnea index less than 1. Those with ADHD presented lower total CAP rates and lower CAP rates during sleep stage 2 than did normal controls. Moreover, in children with ADHD, we found a lower number of CAP sequences and a reduced total A1 index, mainly in light sleep (sleep stages 1 and 2). We did not find differences in A subtype percentages, but there was a longer duration of A1 subtypes in children with ADHD. Conclusions: Children with ADHD showed a lower CAP rate and a lower number of CAP sequences; this supports the hypothesis of the existence of a hypoarousal state in these patients.
KW - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
KW - Cyclic alternating pattern
KW - NREM sleep instability
KW - Sleep macrostructure
KW - Sleep microstructure
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/33745125071
M3 - Article
C2 - 16796218
AN - SCOPUS:33745125071
SN - 0161-8105
VL - 29
SP - 797
EP - 803
JO - Sleep
JF - Sleep
IS - 6
ER -