@article{dc2a51f6cce84561b6c5109573c25e50,
title = "Noninvasive Quantification of Axonal Loss in the Presence of Tissue Swelling in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Mice",
abstract = "Neuroimaging plays an important role in assessing axonal pathology after traumatic spinal cord injury. However, coexisting inflammation confounds imaging assessment of the severity of axonal injury. Herein, we applied diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) to quantitatively differentiate and quantify underlying pathologies in traumatic spinal cord injury at 3 days post-injury. Results reveal that DBSI was capable of detecting and differentiating axonal injury, demyelination, and inflammation-associated edema and cell infiltration in contusion-injured spinal cords. DBSI was able to detect and quantify axonal loss in the presence of white matter tract swelling. The DBSI-defined apparent axonal volume correlated with the corresponding histological markers. DBSI-derived pathological metrics could serve as neuroimaging biomarkers to differentiate and quantify coexisting white matter pathologies in spinal cord injury, providing potential surrogate outcome measures to assess spinal cord injury progression and response to therapies.",
keywords = "axonal injury, axonal volume, demyelination, diffusion MRI, inflammation, lesion cavity, spinal cord injury",
author = "Lin, {Tsen Hsuan} and Peng Sun and Mitchell Hallman and Hwang, {Fay C.} and Michael Wallendorf and Ray, {Wilson Z.} and Spees, {William M.} and Song, {Sheng Kwei}",
note = "Funding Information: This study was supported in part by the grants from National Institute of Health R01-NS047592 (S.-K.S./W.Z.R), P01-NS059560 (A.H.C.), U01-EY205500 (S.-K.S.), National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) RG 4549A4/1 (S.-K.S.), FG-1507-05315 (T.-H.L.), Department of Defense Idea Award W81XWH-12-1-0457 (S.-K.S.), and Missouri Spinal Cord Injury Research Program (W.Z.R). AHC was supported in part by the Manny and Rosalyn Rosenthal-Dr. John L. Trotter MS Center Chair in Neuroimmunology of Barnes-Jewish Hospital Foundation. Funding Information: In the present study, we applied DBSI to assess spinal cord pathologies in SCI mice 3 days after contusion injury. DBSI detected axonal injury, demyelination, inflammatory cell infiltration, and vasogenic edema in spinal cord white matter in these mice. We observed an acute *13% axonal loss in spinal cord white matter tracts in SCI mice despite severe tissue swelling. The DBSI results were supported by corresponding histological markers. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.",
year = "2019",
month = aug,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1089/neu.2018.6016",
language = "English",
volume = "36",
pages = "2308--2315",
journal = "Journal of Neurotrauma",
issn = "0897-7151",
number = "15",
}