TY - JOUR
T1 - New insights into cancer immunoediting and its three component phases-elimination, equilibrium and escape
AU - Mittal, Deepak
AU - Gubin, Matthew M.
AU - Schreiber, Robert D.
AU - Smyth, Mark J.
N1 - Funding Information:
We apologize to all the investigators whose research could not be appropriately cited due to space limitations. R. D. Schreiber is supported by NIH grants from the National Cancer Institute, the Cancer Research Institute , and the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research . M. J. Smyth is supported by a NHMRC Australia Fellowship and Program Grant . D. Mittal is supported by a Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation Program Grant . M.M. Gubin is supported by an NIH training grant from the National Cancer Institute .
PY - 2014/4
Y1 - 2014/4
N2 - The principles of cancer immunoediting have set the foundations for understanding the dual host-protective and tumor sculpting actions of immunity on cancer and establishing the basis for novel individualized cancer immunotherapies. During cancer immunoediting, the host immune system shapes tumor fate in three phases through the activation of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. In the first phase, Elimination, transformed cells are destroyed by a competent immune system. Sporadic tumor cells that manage to survive immune destruction may then enter an Equilibrium phase where editing occurs. The Escape phase represents the third and final phase of the process, where immunologically sculpted tumors begin to grow progressively, become clinically apparent and establish an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on important recent developments that have enhanced our understanding of each phase of the cancer immunoediting process, summarizes the discovery of new predictive and prognostic biomarkers and discusses development of novel and objectively effective cancer immunotherapies.
AB - The principles of cancer immunoediting have set the foundations for understanding the dual host-protective and tumor sculpting actions of immunity on cancer and establishing the basis for novel individualized cancer immunotherapies. During cancer immunoediting, the host immune system shapes tumor fate in three phases through the activation of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. In the first phase, Elimination, transformed cells are destroyed by a competent immune system. Sporadic tumor cells that manage to survive immune destruction may then enter an Equilibrium phase where editing occurs. The Escape phase represents the third and final phase of the process, where immunologically sculpted tumors begin to grow progressively, become clinically apparent and establish an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on important recent developments that have enhanced our understanding of each phase of the cancer immunoediting process, summarizes the discovery of new predictive and prognostic biomarkers and discusses development of novel and objectively effective cancer immunotherapies.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84894107349&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.coi.2014.01.004
DO - 10.1016/j.coi.2014.01.004
M3 - Review article
C2 - 24531241
AN - SCOPUS:84894107349
SN - 0952-7915
VL - 27
SP - 16
EP - 25
JO - Current Opinion in Immunology
JF - Current Opinion in Immunology
IS - 1
ER -