Abstract
Neonatal brain injury is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns, accounting for a considerable worldwide health care burden. The causes of neonatal brain injury are myriad and have evolved over the past several decades; historically, birth trauma and infections were the most common causes of neonatal brain injury. Advances in newborn medicine and marked improvements in the survival of very preterm and high-risk infants, however, have resulted in a host of neurological injuries associated with prematurity, multiparity, and extremely low birth weight. An optimistic view is that the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) will continue to decline in parallel with advances in newborn medicine. At present, however, children who experience IVH and PHH suffer significant morbidity with a lifetime of potential complications, and the neurosurgical management of these conditions remains a formidable challenge. Many infants who suffer neonatal brain injuries now survive through adulthood, frequently with residual cognitive or functional disability and/or conditions requiring long-term neurosurgical care (e.g., hydrocephalus, intractable seizures). This chapter considers neonatal brain injuries in three broad etiologic categories: hypoxic-ischemic, hemorrhagic, and traumatic, each of which is important to neurosurgeons either in the acute treatment of the injuries themselves or in the long-term management of survivors of these injuries.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Youmans and Winn Neurological Surgery |
Subtitle of host publication | Volumes 1-4, 8th Edition |
Publisher | Elsevier |
Pages | 1907-1911.e2 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9780323661928 |
ISBN (Print) | 9780323674997 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 1 2023 |
Keywords
- germinal matrix hemorrhage
- hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
- intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)
- post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus
- traumatic intracranial hemorrhage