National Sleep Foundation's updated sleep duration recommendations: Final report

  • Max Hirshkowitz
  • , Kaitlyn Whiton
  • , Steven M. Albert
  • , Cathy Alessi
  • , Oliviero Bruni
  • , Lydia DonCarlos
  • , Nancy Hazen
  • , John Herman
  • , Paula J. Adams Hillard
  • , Eliot S. Katz
  • , Leila Kheirandish-Gozal
  • , David N. Neubauer
  • , Anne E. O'Donnell
  • , Maurice Ohayon
  • , John Peever
  • , Robert Rawding
  • , Ramesh C. Sachdeva
  • , Belinda Setters
  • , Michael V. Vitiello
  • , J. Catesby Ware

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1878 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: To make scientifically sound and practical recommendations for daily sleep duration across the life span. Methods: The National Sleep Foundation convened a multidisciplinary expert panel ("Panel") with broad representation from leading stakeholder organizations. The Panel evaluated the latest scientific evidence and participated in a formal consensus and voting process. Then, the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was used to formulate sleep duration recommendations. Results: The Panel made sleep duration recommendations for 9 age groups. Sleep duration ranges, expressed as hours of sleep per day, were designated as recommended, may be appropriate, or not recommended. Recommended sleep durations are as follows: 14-17 hours for newborns, 12-15 hours for infants, 11-14 hours for toddlers, 10-13 hours for preschoolers, 9-11 hours for school-aged children, and 8-10 hours for teenagers. Seven to 9 hours is recommended for young adults and adults, and 7-8 hours of sleep is recommended for older adults. The self-designated basis for duration selection and critical discussions are also provided. Conclusions: Consensus for sleep duration recommendations was reached for specific age groupings. Consensus using a multidisciplinary expert Panel lends robust credibility to the results. Finally, limitations and caveats of these recommendations are discussed.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)233-243
Number of pages11
JournalSleep Health
Volume1
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 1 2015

Keywords

  • Life span sleep
  • National Sleep Foundation
  • RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method
  • Sleep adequacy
  • Sleep by age
  • Sleep duration
  • Sleep need
  • Sleep sufficiency
  • Sleep time recommendations

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