TY - JOUR
T1 - Myeloid Acat1/Soat1 KO attenuates pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages and protects against atherosclerosis in a model of advanced lesions
AU - Melton, Elaina M.
AU - Li, Haibo
AU - Benson, Jalen
AU - Sohn, Paul
AU - Huang, Li Hao
AU - Song, Bao Liang
AU - Li, Bo Liang
AU - Chang, Catherine C.Y.
AU - Chang, Ta Yuan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Melton et al.
PY - 2019/10/25
Y1 - 2019/10/25
N2 - Cholesterol esters are a key ingredient of foamy cells in atherosclerotic lesions; their formation is catalyzed by two enzymes: Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferases (ACATs; also called sterol O-acyltransferases, or SOATs) ACAT1 and ACAT2. ACAT1 is present in all body cells and is the major isoenzyme in macrophages. Whether blocking ACAT1 benefits atherosclerosis has been under debate for more than a decade. Previously, our laboratory developed a myeloid-specific Acat1 knockout (KO) mouse (Acat1-M/-M), devoid of ACAT1 only in macrophages, microglia, and neutrophils. In previous work using the ApoE KO (ApoE-/-) mouse model for early lesions, Acat1-M/-M significantly reduced lesion macrophage content and suppressed atherosclerosis progression. In advanced lesions, cholesterol crystals become a prominent feature. Here we evaluated the effects of Acat1-M/-M in the ApoE KO mouse model for more advanced lesions and found that mice lacking myeloid Acat1 had significantly reduced lesion cholesterol crystal contents. Acat1-M/-M also significantly reduced lesion size and macrophage content without increasing apoptotic cell death. Cell culture studies showed that inhibiting ACAT1 in macrophages caused cells to produce less proinflammatory responses upon cholesterol loading by acetyl low-density lipoprotein. In advanced lesions, Acat1-M/-M reduced but did not eliminate foamy cells. In advanced plaques isolated from ApoE-/- mice, immunostainings showed that both ACAT1 and ACAT2 are present. In cell culture, both enzymes are present in macrophages and smooth muscle cells and contribute to cholesterol ester biosynthesis. Overall, our results support the notion that targeting ACAT1 or targeting both ACAT1 and ACAT2 in macrophages is a novel strategy to treat advanced lesions.
AB - Cholesterol esters are a key ingredient of foamy cells in atherosclerotic lesions; their formation is catalyzed by two enzymes: Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferases (ACATs; also called sterol O-acyltransferases, or SOATs) ACAT1 and ACAT2. ACAT1 is present in all body cells and is the major isoenzyme in macrophages. Whether blocking ACAT1 benefits atherosclerosis has been under debate for more than a decade. Previously, our laboratory developed a myeloid-specific Acat1 knockout (KO) mouse (Acat1-M/-M), devoid of ACAT1 only in macrophages, microglia, and neutrophils. In previous work using the ApoE KO (ApoE-/-) mouse model for early lesions, Acat1-M/-M significantly reduced lesion macrophage content and suppressed atherosclerosis progression. In advanced lesions, cholesterol crystals become a prominent feature. Here we evaluated the effects of Acat1-M/-M in the ApoE KO mouse model for more advanced lesions and found that mice lacking myeloid Acat1 had significantly reduced lesion cholesterol crystal contents. Acat1-M/-M also significantly reduced lesion size and macrophage content without increasing apoptotic cell death. Cell culture studies showed that inhibiting ACAT1 in macrophages caused cells to produce less proinflammatory responses upon cholesterol loading by acetyl low-density lipoprotein. In advanced lesions, Acat1-M/-M reduced but did not eliminate foamy cells. In advanced plaques isolated from ApoE-/- mice, immunostainings showed that both ACAT1 and ACAT2 are present. In cell culture, both enzymes are present in macrophages and smooth muscle cells and contribute to cholesterol ester biosynthesis. Overall, our results support the notion that targeting ACAT1 or targeting both ACAT1 and ACAT2 in macrophages is a novel strategy to treat advanced lesions.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85074184762&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1074/jbc.RA119.010564
DO - 10.1074/jbc.RA119.010564
M3 - Article
C2 - 31495784
AN - SCOPUS:85074184762
SN - 0021-9258
VL - 294
SP - 15836
EP - 15849
JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry
JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry
IS - 43
ER -