TY - JOUR
T1 - Multiscale effects of spaceflight on murine tendon and bone
AU - Deymier, Alix C.
AU - Schwartz, Andrea G.
AU - Lim, Chanteak
AU - Wingender, Brian
AU - Kotiya, Akhilesh
AU - Shen, Hua
AU - Silva, Matthew J.
AU - Thomopoulos, Stavros
N1 - Funding Information:
This project was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, NNX09AP05G to ST), the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI, NSBRI-RFA-13-01 to ACD), and the National Institutes of Health ( NIH R01-AR055580 to ST; NIH R01 AR047867 to MJS). The TEM studies were partially supported by the Institute of Materials Science & Engineering at Washington University. The authors thank Ashley Williams for help collecting microCT data. We thank Jill Pasteris for assistance in collection and analysis of the Raman data.
Funding Information:
This project was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, NNX09AP05G to ST), the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI, NSBRI-RFA-13-01 to ACD), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH R01-AR055580 to ST; NIH R01 AR047867 to MJS). The TEM studies were partially supported by the Institute of Materials Science & Engineering at Washington University. The authors thank Ashley Williams for help collecting microCT data. We thank Jill Pasteris for assistance in collection and analysis of the Raman data. All authors edited the manuscript. ST conceived of the study, developed the study design, and performed dissections. ACD collected mechanical, ?CT, and fibril diameter data, performed data analysis, and wrote the first draft of the paper. AGS performed dissections and collected Raman, mechanical, and ?CT data. CL performed dissections. BW processed fibril diameter data. AK collected and analyzed bone gene expression data. HS collected and analyzed enthesis gene expression data. MJS assisted collection and analysis of bone expression data.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019
PY - 2020/2
Y1 - 2020/2
N2 - Despite a wealth of data on the effects of spaceflight on tendons and bones, little is known about its effects on the interfacial tissue between these two structures, the enthesis. Mice were sent to space on three separate missions: STS-131, STS-135, and Bion-M1 to determine how spaceflight affects the composition, structure, mechanics, and gene expression of the humerus-supraspinatus and calcaneus-Achilles entheses. At the nanoscale, spaceflight resulted in decreased carbonate levels in the bone, likely due to increased remodeling, as suggested by increased expression of genes related to osteoclastogenesis (CatK, Tnfsf11) and mature osteoblasts (Col1, Osc). Tendons showed a shift in collagen fibril size towards smaller diameters that may have resulted from increased expression of genes related to collagen degradation (Mmp3, Mmp13). These nanoscale changes did not result in micro- and milliscale changes to the structure and mechanics of the enthesis. There were no changes in bone volume, trabecular structure, failure load, or stiffness with spaceflight. This lack of tissue-level change may be anatomy based, as extremities may be less sensitive to spaceflight than central locations such as vertebrae, yet results highlight that the tendon enthesis may be robust against negative effects of spaceflight.
AB - Despite a wealth of data on the effects of spaceflight on tendons and bones, little is known about its effects on the interfacial tissue between these two structures, the enthesis. Mice were sent to space on three separate missions: STS-131, STS-135, and Bion-M1 to determine how spaceflight affects the composition, structure, mechanics, and gene expression of the humerus-supraspinatus and calcaneus-Achilles entheses. At the nanoscale, spaceflight resulted in decreased carbonate levels in the bone, likely due to increased remodeling, as suggested by increased expression of genes related to osteoclastogenesis (CatK, Tnfsf11) and mature osteoblasts (Col1, Osc). Tendons showed a shift in collagen fibril size towards smaller diameters that may have resulted from increased expression of genes related to collagen degradation (Mmp3, Mmp13). These nanoscale changes did not result in micro- and milliscale changes to the structure and mechanics of the enthesis. There were no changes in bone volume, trabecular structure, failure load, or stiffness with spaceflight. This lack of tissue-level change may be anatomy based, as extremities may be less sensitive to spaceflight than central locations such as vertebrae, yet results highlight that the tendon enthesis may be robust against negative effects of spaceflight.
KW - Composition
KW - Enthesis
KW - Mechanics
KW - Spaceflight
KW - Structure
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85074882784&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115152
DO - 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115152
M3 - Article
C2 - 31730829
AN - SCOPUS:85074882784
SN - 8756-3282
VL - 131
JO - Bone
JF - Bone
M1 - 115152
ER -