@article{ace603a00f68427a83157abcc177da53,
title = "Molecular profiling of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urinary tract",
abstract = "Clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) of the urinary tract is a rare type of malignancy whose molecular profiles remain undefined. Here we reported an integrated clinicopathologic and molecular profiling analysis of four cases of clear cell adenocarcinoma arising in the urethra or the bladder. Utilizing a clinically validated 130-gene exon-sequencing assay, we identified recurrent pathogenic PIK3CA (p. E545K) and KRAS (p.G12D) variants in three of four (75%) of the cases. In addition, an APC variant (P.S2310X), a TP53 variant (p.R273C), and a MYC amplification event were identified. The only CCA case without either PIK3CA or KRAS variants has a distinct pathogenesis through BK virus, demonstrated by positive BK virus PCR and SV40 immunohistochemistry. The novel finding of recurrent variants in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway provides not only insights into oncogenesis but also potential clinical therapeutic targets for patients with clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urinary tract.",
keywords = "Clear cell adenocarcinoma, KRAS, Molecular profiling, PIK3CA, Urinary tract",
author = "Lin, {Chieh Yu} and Atif Saleem and Henning Stehr and Zehnder, {James L.} and Pinsky, {Benjamin A.} and Kunder, {Christian A.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Norman Cyr (graphic artist for the department of Pathology, Stanford) for the figure preparation and Nathaniel Taylor, MLS (ASCP)CMMB for technical support of the BK virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. C.-Y. Lin, the first author and corresponding author, designed the study, collected and analyzed the molecular profiling data, and prepared the manuscript and figures. A. Saleem collected the clinicopathologic data and prepared the manuscript and figures. H. Stehr and J. Zehnder contributed to the molecular data analysis and provided inputs for manuscript preparation. B. Pinsky assisted with BK virus analysis and provided inputs for manuscript preparation. C. Kunder reviewed the histologic sections as well as the molecular data, and provided inputs for manuscript preparation. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.",
year = "2019",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1007/s00428-019-02634-5",
language = "English",
volume = "475",
pages = "727--734",
journal = "Virchows Archiv",
issn = "0945-6317",
number = "6",
}