TY - JOUR
T1 - Molecular pathogenesis and diagnostics of bladder cancer
AU - Mitra, Anirban P.
AU - Cote, Richard J.
PY - 2009/2
Y1 - 2009/2
N2 - Despite elaborate characterization of the risk factors, bladder cancer is still a major epidemiological problem whose incidence continues to rise each year. Urothelial carcinoma is now recognized as a disease of alterations in several cellular processes. The more prevalent, less aggressive, recurrent, noninvasive tumors are characterized by constitutive activation of the Ras-MAPK pathway. The less common but more aggressive invasive tumors, which have a higher mortality rate, are characterized by alterations in the p53 and retinoblastoma pathways. Several diagnostic tests have attempted to identify these molecular alterations in tumor cells exfoliated in the urine, whereas prognostic tests have tried to identify aberrations so as to predict tumor behavior and identify therapeutic targets. The future of bladder cancer patient management will rely on the use of molecular tests to reliably diagnose the presence of disease, predict individual tumor behavior, and suggest potential targeted therapeutics.
AB - Despite elaborate characterization of the risk factors, bladder cancer is still a major epidemiological problem whose incidence continues to rise each year. Urothelial carcinoma is now recognized as a disease of alterations in several cellular processes. The more prevalent, less aggressive, recurrent, noninvasive tumors are characterized by constitutive activation of the Ras-MAPK pathway. The less common but more aggressive invasive tumors, which have a higher mortality rate, are characterized by alterations in the p53 and retinoblastoma pathways. Several diagnostic tests have attempted to identify these molecular alterations in tumor cells exfoliated in the urine, whereas prognostic tests have tried to identify aberrations so as to predict tumor behavior and identify therapeutic targets. The future of bladder cancer patient management will rely on the use of molecular tests to reliably diagnose the presence of disease, predict individual tumor behavior, and suggest potential targeted therapeutics.
KW - Cellular pathways
KW - Combined marker analysis
KW - Prognosis
KW - Risk factors
KW - Urothelial carcinoma
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=59249093638&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092230
DO - 10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092230
M3 - Review article
C2 - 18840072
AN - SCOPUS:59249093638
SN - 1553-4006
VL - 4
SP - 251
EP - 285
JO - Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease
JF - Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease
ER -