Modulation of cyclic AMP in purified rat mast cells. II. Studies on the relationship between intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations and histamine release

Changes in intracellular and extracellular rat mast cell adenosine 3':5' monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations during stimulation of histamine release by 48/80 were studied. There was a rapid and progressive fall in intracellular cAMP beginning within 10 sec after the addition of 48/80. The lowest cAMP values were obtained at 10 min, with return to control levels by 30 min. The fall in cAMP was dose related with progressive decreases in 10 min cAMP measurements as the 48/80 concentration was increased from 0.25 to 1.00 μg/ml. There was a graded increase in histamine release over the same concentration range. Attempts to demonstrate significant amounts of cAMP in the medium during 48/80 stimulation were unsuccessful, indicating that the changes in cAMP intracellularly are not due to altered cellular permeability. There was a general correlation between the ability of pharmacologic agents to sustain high intracellular levels of cAMP in the presence of 48/80, and inhibition of histamine release. Theophylline (20 mM) which increased cAMP levels 2 lymphocytes to 3 fold prevented a detectable decrease in cAMP after 1 μg/ml 48/80 (measured at 10 min) and almost completely inhibited histamine release. Prostaglandin E₁ (27 μM) also raised cAMP levels, decreased the 48/80 induced fall in cAMP (by 31%), and partially inhibited histamine release (by 42%). Epinephrine increased mast cell cAMP levels, but did not prevent the subsequent 48/80 induced decrease in cAMP and did not inhibit histamine release. Carbamylcholine (1 nM), adenine (1 μM), and diazoxide (10 μM) lowered mast cell cAMP and potentiated 48/80 induced release. In view of previous studies from this laboratory indicating that 48/80 stimulates mast cell phosphodiesterase, it seems likely that the 48/80 induced fall in cAMP is due, at least in part, to increased cAMP destruction. Since agents which prevent the fall in cAMP inhibit histamine release, it is apparent that cAMP is an important part of the control mechanism of histamine secretion. On the other hand, it cannot be concluded that a decrease in cAMP alone is sufficient to produce a response since carbamylcholine, diazoxide, and adenine which lower cAMP do not alter histamine release unless 48/80 is also present.