TY - JOUR
T1 - MicroRNAs in orthopaedic research
T2 - Disease associations, potential therapeutic applications, and perspectives
AU - McAlinden, Audrey
AU - Im, Gun Il
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors have received funding from NIH (NIAMS) R01AR064191 (AM) and from the National Research Foundation funded by the Korean Government (2015R1A2A1 A09002793) (GI).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PY - 2018/1
Y1 - 2018/1
N2 - MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function to control many cellular processes by their ability to suppress expression of specific target genes. Tens to hundreds of target genes may be affected by one miRNA, thereby resulting in modulation of multiple pathways in any given cell type. Therefore, altered expression of miRNAs (i.e., during tissue development or in scenarios of disease or cellular stress) can have a profound impact on processes regulating cell differentiation, metabolism, proliferation, or apoptosis, for example. Over the past 5–10 years, thousands of reports have been published on miRNAs in cartilage and bone biology or disease, thus highlighting the significance of these non-coding RNAs in regulating skeletal development and homeostasis. For the purpose of this review, we will focus on miRNAs or miRNA families that have demonstrated function in vivo within the context of cartilage, bone or other orthopaedic-related tissues (excluding muscle). Specifically, we will discuss studies that have utilized miRNA transgenic mouse models or in vivo approaches to target a miRNA with the aim of altering conditions such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and bone fractures in rodents. We will not discuss miRNAs in the context skeletal cancers since this topic is worthy of a review of its own. Overall, we aim to provide a comprehensive description of where the field currently stands with respect to the therapeutic potential of specific miRNAs to treat orthopaedic conditions and current technologies to target and modify miRNA function in vivo.
AB - MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function to control many cellular processes by their ability to suppress expression of specific target genes. Tens to hundreds of target genes may be affected by one miRNA, thereby resulting in modulation of multiple pathways in any given cell type. Therefore, altered expression of miRNAs (i.e., during tissue development or in scenarios of disease or cellular stress) can have a profound impact on processes regulating cell differentiation, metabolism, proliferation, or apoptosis, for example. Over the past 5–10 years, thousands of reports have been published on miRNAs in cartilage and bone biology or disease, thus highlighting the significance of these non-coding RNAs in regulating skeletal development and homeostasis. For the purpose of this review, we will focus on miRNAs or miRNA families that have demonstrated function in vivo within the context of cartilage, bone or other orthopaedic-related tissues (excluding muscle). Specifically, we will discuss studies that have utilized miRNA transgenic mouse models or in vivo approaches to target a miRNA with the aim of altering conditions such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and bone fractures in rodents. We will not discuss miRNAs in the context skeletal cancers since this topic is worthy of a review of its own. Overall, we aim to provide a comprehensive description of where the field currently stands with respect to the therapeutic potential of specific miRNAs to treat orthopaedic conditions and current technologies to target and modify miRNA function in vivo.
KW - MicroRNAs (miRNAs)
KW - bone
KW - cartilage
KW - osteoarthritis
KW - skeletal development
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85042911716&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/jor.23822
DO - 10.1002/jor.23822
M3 - Article
C2 - 29194736
AN - SCOPUS:85042911716
SN - 0736-0266
VL - 36
SP - 33
EP - 51
JO - Journal of Orthopaedic Research
JF - Journal of Orthopaedic Research
IS - 1
ER -