TY - JOUR
T1 - Metabolic aspects of neuronal degeneration
T2 - From a NAD + point of view
AU - Sasaki, Yo
PY - 2019/2
Y1 - 2019/2
N2 - Cellular metabolism maintains the life of cells, allowing energy production required for building cellular constituents and maintaining homeostasis under constantly changing external environments. Neuronal cells maintain their structure and function for the entire life of organisms and the loss of neurons, with limited neurogenesis in adults, directly causes loss of complexity in the neuronal networks. The nervous system organizes the neurons by placing cell bodies containing nuclei of similar types of neurons in discrete regions. Accordingly, axons must travel great distances to connect different types of neurons and peripheral organs. The enormous surface area of neurons makes them high-energy demanding to keep their membrane potential. Distal axon survival is dependent on axonal transport that is another energy demanding process. All of these factors make metabolic stress a potential risk factor for neuronal death and neuronal degeneration often associated with metabolic diseases. This review discusses recent findings on metabolic dysregulations under neuronal degeneration and pathways protecting neurons in these conditions.
AB - Cellular metabolism maintains the life of cells, allowing energy production required for building cellular constituents and maintaining homeostasis under constantly changing external environments. Neuronal cells maintain their structure and function for the entire life of organisms and the loss of neurons, with limited neurogenesis in adults, directly causes loss of complexity in the neuronal networks. The nervous system organizes the neurons by placing cell bodies containing nuclei of similar types of neurons in discrete regions. Accordingly, axons must travel great distances to connect different types of neurons and peripheral organs. The enormous surface area of neurons makes them high-energy demanding to keep their membrane potential. Distal axon survival is dependent on axonal transport that is another energy demanding process. All of these factors make metabolic stress a potential risk factor for neuronal death and neuronal degeneration often associated with metabolic diseases. This review discusses recent findings on metabolic dysregulations under neuronal degeneration and pathways protecting neurons in these conditions.
KW - Axon
KW - Axon degeneration
KW - Metabolism
KW - Neurodegeneration
KW - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85049790994&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.neures.2018.07.001
DO - 10.1016/j.neures.2018.07.001
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30006197
AN - SCOPUS:85049790994
VL - 139
SP - 9
EP - 20
JO - Neuroscience Research
JF - Neuroscience Research
SN - 0168-0102
ER -