Mesial temporal sclerosis: Clinicopathological correlations

Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), which involves neuronal loss and gliosis within the mesial temporal structures (primarily in Sommer sector and the CA4 region of the hippocampus), is an important cause of temporal lobe epilepsy. The syndrome of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy includes febrile seizures, onset of complex partial seizures in adolescence or early adulthood, poor response to antiepileptic medications, and MTS. The modern understanding of MTS and its relationship to epilepsy, which has mirrored our understanding of epilepsy in general, has evolved since the description of hippocampal lesions in a group of patients with epilepsy in 1825.