Memory for visual-spoken language in children and adults

Two experiments examined how developmental changes in processing speed, reliance on visual articulatory cues, memory retrieval, and the ability to interpret representational gestures influence memory for spoken language presented with a view of the speaker (visual-spoken language). Experiment 1 compared 16 children (M = 9.5 yrs.) and 16 young adults, using an immediate recall procedure. Experiment 2 replicated the methods with new speakers, stimuli, and participants. Results showed that both children's and adults' memory for sentences was aided by the presence of visual articulatory information and gestures. Children's slower processing speeds did not adversely affect their ability to process visual-spoken language. However, children's ability to retrieve the words from memory was poorer than adults'. Children's memory was also more influenced by representational gestures that appeared along with predicate terms than by gestures that co-occurred with nouns.