Memories of an unfulfilled promise: Internationalism and patriotism in post-soviet oral histories of Jewish survivors of the nazi genocide

Memories of Soviet Jews who were born during the first two decades of the existence of the USSR show that the destruction of the Soviet society and its ideological tenets is central to their experience of the Nazi genocide. Elderly survivors of the Nazi genocide remember their lives based on comparative evaluations of their lives in the Soviet Union and under the Nazi regime, making a strong case for understanding memory as a relational construct. Interrogating the significance of growing up secular and Soviet for experiencing and remembering the Nazi genocide reveals that in order to understand Soviet Jews' responses to German occupation and genocide and how they remember them, we must turn to their prewar socialization as Soviet internationalists and patriots.