@article{4c9146fba504430db5d2589cbf08a27b,
title = "Mechanisms Associated with Activation of Intracellular Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, mGluR5",
abstract = "The group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, is found on the cell surface as well as on intracellular membranes where it can mediate both overlapping and unique signaling effects. Previously we have shown that glutamate activates intracellular mGluR5 by entry through sodium-dependent transporters and/or cystine glutamate exchangers. Calibrated antibody labelling suggests that the glutamate concentration within neurons is quite high (~10 mM) raising the question as to whether intracellular mGluR5 is maximally activated at all times or whether a different ligand might be responsible for receptor activation. To address this issue, we used cellular, optical and molecular techniques to show that intracellular glutamate is largely sequestered in mitochondria; that the glutamate concentration necessary to activate intracellular mGluR5 is about ten-fold higher than what is necessary to activate cell surface mGluR5; and uncaging caged glutamate within neurons can directly activate the receptor. Thus these studies further the concept that glutamate itself serves as the ligand for intracellular mGluR5.",
keywords = "Calcium, GPCR, Glutamate, Metabotropic",
author = "Jong, {Yuh Jiin I.} and O{\textquoteright}Malley, {Karen L.}",
note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health MH57817 and MH69646 as well as the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NS057105 (a Neuroscience Blueprint Core grant to Washington University). This work was also supported by FRAXA, the Simons Foundation, the Lilly Research Award Program, the McDonnell Center for Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. Experiments using confocal microscopy were performed in part through the use of Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging (WUCCI). In addition, research reported in this publication was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U54 HD087011 to the Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at Washington University. Authors also thank Dr. Vikas Kumar and Mr. Steve Harmon for their insight and efforts in conjunction with these studies. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016, The Author(s).",
year = "2017",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1007/s11064-016-2026-6",
language = "English",
volume = "42",
pages = "166--172",
journal = "Neurochemical Research",
issn = "0364-3190",
number = "1",
}