@article{4417408c8a314c818d2df0cd2b1029df,
title = "Measurement of mechanical tractions exerted by cells in three-dimensional matrices",
abstract = "Quantitative measurements of cell-generated forces have heretofore required that cells be cultured on two-dimensional substrates. We describe a technique to quantitatively measure three-dimensional traction forces exerted by cells fully encapsulated in well-defined elastic hydrogel matrices. Using this approach we measured traction forces for several cell types in various contexts and revealed patterns of force generation attributable to morphologically distinct regions of cells as they extend into the surrounding matrix.",
author = "Legant, {Wesley R.} and Miller, {Jordan S.} and Blakely, {Brandon L.} and Cohen, {Daniel M.} and Genin, {Guy M.} and Chen, {Christopher S.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank J. Baranski, H. Hu, C. Shen and M. Wozniak for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by grants from the US National Institutes of Health (EB00262, EB08396, GM74048, HL73305 and HL90747), the Resbio Technology Resource for Polymeric Biomaterials, the Material Research Science and Engineering Center and Center for Engineering Cells and Regeneration at the University of Pennsylvania, the National Science Foundation graduate research fellowship (W.R.L. and B.L.B.), the US National Institutes of Health T32 training grant and the Hartwell Foundation (J.S.M.).",
year = "2010",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1038/nmeth.1531",
language = "English",
volume = "7",
pages = "969--971",
journal = "Nature Methods",
issn = "1548-7091",
number = "12",
}