TY - JOUR
T1 - Mapping correlated neurological deficits after stroke to distributed brain networks
AU - Siegel, Joshua S.
AU - Shulman, Gordon L.
AU - Corbetta, Maurizio
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Understanding the relationships between brain organization and behavior is a central goal of neuroscience. Traditional teaching emphasizes that the human cerebrum includes many distinct areas for which damage or dysfunction would lead to a unique and specific behavioral syndrome. This teaching implies that brain areas correspond to encapsulated modules that are specialized for specific cognitive operations. However, empirically, local damage from stroke more often produces one of a small number of clusters of deficits and disrupts brain-wide connectivity in a small number of predictable ways (relative to the vast complexity of behavior and brain connectivity). Behaviors that involve shared operations show correlated deficits following a stroke, consistent with a low-dimensional behavioral space. Because of the networked organization of the brain, local damage from a stroke can result in widespread functional abnormalities, matching the low dimensionality of behavioral deficit. In alignment with this, neurological disease, psychiatric disease, and altered brain states produce behavioral changes that are highly correlated across a range of behaviors. We discuss how known structural and functional network priors in addition to graph theoretical concepts such as modularity and entropy have provided inroads to understanding this more complex relationship between brain and behavior. This model for brain disease has important implications for normal brain-behavior relationships and the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases.
AB - Understanding the relationships between brain organization and behavior is a central goal of neuroscience. Traditional teaching emphasizes that the human cerebrum includes many distinct areas for which damage or dysfunction would lead to a unique and specific behavioral syndrome. This teaching implies that brain areas correspond to encapsulated modules that are specialized for specific cognitive operations. However, empirically, local damage from stroke more often produces one of a small number of clusters of deficits and disrupts brain-wide connectivity in a small number of predictable ways (relative to the vast complexity of behavior and brain connectivity). Behaviors that involve shared operations show correlated deficits following a stroke, consistent with a low-dimensional behavioral space. Because of the networked organization of the brain, local damage from a stroke can result in widespread functional abnormalities, matching the low dimensionality of behavioral deficit. In alignment with this, neurological disease, psychiatric disease, and altered brain states produce behavioral changes that are highly correlated across a range of behaviors. We discuss how known structural and functional network priors in addition to graph theoretical concepts such as modularity and entropy have provided inroads to understanding this more complex relationship between brain and behavior. This model for brain disease has important implications for normal brain-behavior relationships and the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases.
KW - Functional connectivity
KW - Lesion-symptom mapping
KW - Modularity
KW - Stroke
KW - Structural connectivity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85134767954&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00429-022-02525-7
DO - 10.1007/s00429-022-02525-7
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35881254
AN - SCOPUS:85134767954
SN - 1863-2653
VL - 227
SP - 3173
EP - 3187
JO - Brain Structure and Function
JF - Brain Structure and Function
IS - 9
ER -