Management of chronic heart failure

Although chronic heart failure remains a major source of morbidity and mortality, recent advances in treatment have resulted in substantial improvements in survival, quality of life and exercise capacity, while at the same time reducing hospitalizations and overall cost of care. An algorithm for CHF management based on currently available data is presented, with a focus on recent results from major clinical trials. The information should be used as a general guide, recognizing that revision will be necessary as additional studies are completed and new data become available.