Long-Term Prognostic Value of ⁸²Rb PET/CT–Determined Myocardial Perfusion and Flow Reserve in Cancer Patients

Myocardial flow reserve (MFR), derived from quantitative measurements of myocardial blood flow during PET imaging, provides prognostic information on patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but it is not known if this also applies to cancer patients with a competing risk for mortality. Methods: To determine the prognostic value of MFR in patients with cancer, we designed a retrospective cohort study comprising 221 patients with known or suspected CAD (median age, 71 y; range, 41–92 y) enrolled between June 2009 and January 2011. Most patients were referred for perioperative risk assessment. Patients underwent measurement of myocardial blood flow at rest and during pharmacologic stress, using quantitative ⁸²Rb PET imaging. They were divided into early-stage versus advanced-stage cancer groups based on cancer histopathology and clinical state and were further stratified by myocardial perfusion summed stress score, summed difference score, and calculated MFR. Overall survival (OS) was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier estimator, and Cox proportional-hazards regression helped identify independent predictors for OS. Results: During a follow-up of 85.6 mo, 120 deaths occurred. MFR, summed difference score, and cancer stage were significantly associated with OS. In the age-adjusted Cox hazard multivariable analysis, MFR and cancer stage remained independent prognostic factors. MFR combined with cancer stage enhanced OS discrimination. The groups had significantly different outcomes (P, 0.001), with 5-y OS of 88% (MFR $ 1.97 and early-stage), 53% (MFR, 1.97 and early-stage), 33% (MFR $ 1.97 and advanced-stage), and 13% (MFR, 1.97 and advanced-stage). Conclusion: Independent of cancer stage, MFR derived from quantitative PET was prognostic of OS in our cohort of cancer patients with known or suspected CAD. Combining these 2 parameters enhanced discrimination of OS, suggesting that MFR improves risk stratification and may serve as a treatment target to increase survival in cancer patients.