Living kidney donors with HIV: experience and outcomes from a case series by the HOPE in Action Consortium

HOPE in Action Investigators, Christine M. Durand, Nina Martinez, Karl Neumann, Reed C. Benedict, Arthur W. Baker, Cameron R. Wolfe, Valentina Stosor, Aneesha Shetty, Zachary C. Dietch, Leah Goudy, Michelle A. Callegari, Allan B. Massie, Diane Brown, Willa Cochran, Abimereki Muzaale, Derek Fine, Aaron A.R. Tobian, Cheryl A. Winkler, Fawaz Al AmmaryDorry L. Segev, Neerja Agrawal, Marcus Pereira, Karthik Ranganna, Cameron Wolfe, Rachel Friedman-Moraco, William Kitchens, Oluwafisayo Adebiyi, Chandrashekhar Kubal, Andrew Cameron, Niraj Desai, Christine Durand, Shane Ottmann, Nahel Elias, Alexander Gilbert, Coleman Smith, Jose A. Castillo-Lugo, Sander Florman, Allan Massie, Sapna Mehta, Jonathan Hand, Emily Blumberg, Carlos A.Q. Santos, Ryan Goldberg, Shikha Mehta, Robert Cannon, Emmanouil Giorgakis, Joanna Schaenman, Saima Aslam, Peter Stock, Jennifer Price, Senu Apewokin, Esther Benamu, Mario Spaggiari, John Baddley, Michele I. Morris, Jacques Simkins, Timothy Pruett, Ghady Haidar, David Wojciechowski, Avinash Agarwal, Vasanthi Balaraman, Gaurav Gupta, Will Chapman, Thangamani Muthukumar, Catherine B. Small, Maricar Malinis

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Abstract

Background: Living kidney donation is possible for people living with HIV (PLWH) in the United States within research studies under the HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act. There are concerns that donor nephrectomy may have an increased risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in PLWH due to HIV-associated kidney disease and antiretroviral therapy (ART) nephrotoxicity. Here we report the first 3 cases of living kidney donors with HIV under the HOPE Act in the United States. Methods: Within the HOPE in Action Multicenter Consortium, we conducted a prospective study of living kidney donors with HIV. Pre-donation, we estimated the 9-year cumulative incidence of ESRD, performed genetic testing of apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), excluding individuals with high-risk variants, and performed pre-donation kidney biopsies (HOPE Act requirement). The primary endpoint was ≥grade 3 nephrectomy-related adverse events (AEs) in year one. Post-donation, we monitored glomerular filtration rate (measured by iohexol/Tc-99m DTPA [mGFR] or estimated with serum creatinine [eGFR]), HIV RNA, CD4 count, and ART. Findings: There were three donors with two-four years of follow-up: a 35 year-old female, a 52 year-old male, and a 47 year-old male. Pre-donation 9-year estimated cumulative incidence of ESRD was 3.01, 8.01, and 7.76 per 10,000 persons, respectively. In two donors with APOL1 testing, no high-risk variants were detected. Biopsies from all three donors showed no kidney disease. Post-donation, two donors developed nephrectomy-related ≥grade 3 AEs: a medically-managed ileus and a laparoscopically-repaired incisional hernia. GFR declined from 103 to 84 mL/min/1.73 m2 at four years (mGFR) in donor 1, from 77 to 52 mL/min/1.73 m2 at three years (eGFR) in donor 2, and from 65 to 39 mL/min/1.73 m2 at two years (eGFR) in donor 3. HIV RNA remained <20 copies/mL and CD4 count remained stable in all donors. Interpretation: The first three living kidney donors with HIV under the HOPE Act in the United States have had promising outcomes at two-four years, providing proof-of-concept to support living donation from PLWH to recipients with HIV. Funding: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.

Original languageEnglish
Article number100553
JournalThe Lancet Regional Health - Americas
Volume24
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2023

Keywords

  • HIV Organ Policy Equity Act
  • HIV donation
  • HIV to HIV transplantation
  • HOPE Act
  • Living kidney donation
  • Transplantation from donors with HIV to recipients with HIV

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