@article{bf9c00ced075425f81023a9ee6c230db,
title = "Laser stimulation of the skin for quantitative study of decision-making and motivation",
abstract = "Neuroeconomics studies how decision-making is guided by the value of rewards and punishments. But to date, little is known about how noxious experiences impact decisions. A challenge is the lack of an aversive stimulus that is dynamically adjustable in intensity and location, readily usable over many trials in a single experimental session, and compatible with multiple ways to measure neuronal activity. We show that skin laser stimulation used in human studies of aversion can be used for this purpose in several key animal models. We then use laser stimulation to study how neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), an area whose many roles include guiding decisions among different rewards, encode the value of rewards and punishments. We show that some OFC neurons integrated the positive value of rewards with the negative value of aversive laser stimulation, suggesting that the OFC can play a role in more complex choices than previously appreciated.",
keywords = "aversion, decision, motivation, neuroeconomics, orbitofrontal, value",
author = "Julia Pai and Takaya Ogasawara and Bromberg-Martin, {Ethan S.} and Kei Ogasawara and Gereau, {Robert W.} and Monosov, {Ilya E.}",
note = "Funding Information: The NHP work is supported by the National Institute of Mental Health under Conte Center Grant on the Neurocircuitry of OCD MH106435 and R01MH110594 and R01MH116937 to I.E.M. The rodent work was funded by Army Research Office 78259-NS-MUR and by the McKnight Foundation award to IEM. R.W.G. was supported by R01NS106953. We thank Camillo Padoa-Schioppa for useful comments on this manuscript. We thank Caitlin Murphy for the help during the initial setup of the laser and Jonathan Kipnis, Krikor Dikranian, and the Washington University School of Medicine Histology Core for advice and help with the tissue processing and subsequent histology. J.P. conceptualized the behavioral rodent studies, performed them, and analyzed the data. T.O. trained the NHPs, recorded neural data, and participated in the analyses of their data. K.O. performed rodent behavioral studies and participated in the conceptualization of rodent experiments. E.S.B.-M. and I.E.M. analyzed the data collected from NHPs. R.W.G. advised the authors and shared critical resources for the rodent behavioral studies. All authors discussed the results and prepared the manuscript. I.E.M. guided the research and secured the funding. The authors declare no competing interests. Funding Information: The NHP work is supported by the National Institute of Mental Health under Conte Center Grant on the Neurocircuitry of OCD MH106435 and R01MH110594 and R01MH116937 to I.E.M. The rodent work was funded by Army Research Office 78259-NS-MUR and by the McKnight Foundation award to IEM. R.W.G. was supported by R01NS106953 . We thank Camillo Padoa-Schioppa for useful comments on this manuscript. We thank Caitlin Murphy for the help during the initial setup of the laser and Jonathan Kipnis, Krikor Dikranian, and the Washington University School of Medicine Histology Core for advice and help with the tissue processing and subsequent histology. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors",
year = "2022",
month = sep,
day = "19",
doi = "10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100296",
language = "English",
volume = "2",
journal = "Cell Reports Methods",
issn = "2667-2375",
number = "9",
}