TY - JOUR
T1 - Intrinsic Cellular Defenses against Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
AU - Blanco-Melo, Daniel
AU - Venkatesh, Siddarth
AU - Bieniasz, Paul D.
N1 - Funding Information:
We apologize to those investigators whose work was not cited due to space constraints. We are grateful to V. Chandrasekaran and W. Sundquist for providing the high-resolution image of HIV-1 capsid. Work in our laboratory on restriction factors is supported by the NIH (grants R01AI050111 and R37AI0664003). P.D.B. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
PY - 2012/9/21
Y1 - 2012/9/21
N2 - Viral infections are often detrimental to host survival and reproduction. Consequently, hosts have evolved a variety of mechanisms to defend themselves against viruses. A component of this arsenal is a set of proteins, termed restriction factors, which exhibit direct antiviral activity. Among these are several classes of proteins (APOBEC3, TRIM5, Tetherin, and SAMHD1) that inhibit the replication of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. Here, we outline the features, mechanisms, and evolution of these defense mechanisms. We also speculate on how restriction factors arose, how they might interact with the conventional innate and adaptive immune systems, and how an understanding of these intrinsic cellular defenses might be usefully exploited.
AB - Viral infections are often detrimental to host survival and reproduction. Consequently, hosts have evolved a variety of mechanisms to defend themselves against viruses. A component of this arsenal is a set of proteins, termed restriction factors, which exhibit direct antiviral activity. Among these are several classes of proteins (APOBEC3, TRIM5, Tetherin, and SAMHD1) that inhibit the replication of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. Here, we outline the features, mechanisms, and evolution of these defense mechanisms. We also speculate on how restriction factors arose, how they might interact with the conventional innate and adaptive immune systems, and how an understanding of these intrinsic cellular defenses might be usefully exploited.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84866492666&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.08.013
DO - 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.08.013
M3 - Review article
C2 - 22999946
AN - SCOPUS:84866492666
SN - 1074-7613
VL - 37
SP - 399
EP - 411
JO - Immunity
JF - Immunity
IS - 3
ER -