Intravascular access devices from an interventional radiology perspective: indications, implantation techniques, and optimizing patency

Central venous access has become invaluable in the treatment of patients with a wide array of acute and chronic disease entities. Central venous catheters provide durable, short-term and long-term access solutions while saving the patient from repeated peripheral needle sticks. Central venous catheters include: non-tunneled central venous catheters, tunneled central venous catheters, and port catheters. Typically, the placement of a central venous catheter is performed by Vascular and Interventional Radiologists. The purpose of this article is to familiarize the reader with the role of Interventional Radiology in the placement and management of intravascular or implantable access devices, with a focus on discussing indications for central venous catheter placement, implantation techniques, potential complications, and management of catheter dysfunction.