TY - JOUR
T1 - Intracerebral hemorrhage leads to infiltration of several leukocyte populations with concomitant pathophysiological changes
AU - Loftspring, Matthew C.
AU - McDole, Jeremiah
AU - Lu, Aigang
AU - Clark, Joseph F.
AU - Johnson, Aaron J.
PY - 2009/1
Y1 - 2009/1
N2 - Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a stroke subtype with high rates of mortality and morbidity. The immune system, particularly complement and cytokine signaling, has been implicated in brain injury after ICH. However, the cellular immunology associated with ICH has been understudied. In this report, we use flow cytometry to quantitatively profile immune cell populations that infiltrate the brain 1 and 4 days post-ICH. At 1 day CD45hi GR-1+ cells were increased 2.0-fold compared with saline controls (P≤0.05); however, we did not observe changes in any other cell populations analyzed. At 4 days ICH mice presented with a 2.4-fold increase in CD45hi cells, a 1.9-fold increase in CD45hi GR-1- cells, a 3.4-fold increase in CD45hi GR-1+ cells, and most notably, a 1.7-fold increase in CD4+ cells (P≤0.05 for all groups), compared with control mice. We did not observe changes in the numbers of CD8+ cells or CD45lo GR-1- cells (P=0.43 and 0.49, respectively). Thus, we have shown the first use of flow cytometry to analyze leukocyte infiltration in response to ICH. Our finding of a CD4 T-cell infiltrate is novel and suggests a role for the adaptive immune system in the response to ICH.
AB - Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a stroke subtype with high rates of mortality and morbidity. The immune system, particularly complement and cytokine signaling, has been implicated in brain injury after ICH. However, the cellular immunology associated with ICH has been understudied. In this report, we use flow cytometry to quantitatively profile immune cell populations that infiltrate the brain 1 and 4 days post-ICH. At 1 day CD45hi GR-1+ cells were increased 2.0-fold compared with saline controls (P≤0.05); however, we did not observe changes in any other cell populations analyzed. At 4 days ICH mice presented with a 2.4-fold increase in CD45hi cells, a 1.9-fold increase in CD45hi GR-1- cells, a 3.4-fold increase in CD45hi GR-1+ cells, and most notably, a 1.7-fold increase in CD4+ cells (P≤0.05 for all groups), compared with control mice. We did not observe changes in the numbers of CD8+ cells or CD45lo GR-1- cells (P=0.43 and 0.49, respectively). Thus, we have shown the first use of flow cytometry to analyze leukocyte infiltration in response to ICH. Our finding of a CD4 T-cell infiltrate is novel and suggests a role for the adaptive immune system in the response to ICH.
KW - Inflammation
KW - Intracerebral hemorrhage
KW - Leukocyte infiltration
KW - Stroke
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=58149149893&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/jcbfm.2008.114
DO - 10.1038/jcbfm.2008.114
M3 - Article
C2 - 18827833
AN - SCOPUS:58149149893
SN - 0271-678X
VL - 29
SP - 137
EP - 143
JO - Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
JF - Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
IS - 1
ER -