TY - JOUR
T1 - Interrelations between temperament, character, and parental rearing in male delinquent adolescents in Northern Russia
AU - Ruchkin, Vladislav V.
AU - Eisemann, Martin
AU - Hägglöf, Bruno
AU - Cloninger, C. Robert
N1 - Funding Information:
At the same time, one cannot neglect the necessity to consider environmental factors (e.g., parental rearing) as contributing factors that influence the transformation of temperament traits into character traits (in terms of relationships between genotype and phenotype). This view is also partly supported by Cloninger's assumption of character as being influenced by sociocultural learning throughout the life span, and it is substantiated by our findings of distinctive patterns in the prediction of Cooperativeness (by Maternal Emotional Warmth) and of Self-transcendence (by Maternal Rejection). The inconsistency between these findings and our initial results of zero-order correlations (mostly in con-trois) might reflect response bias due to the social desirability in respondents, who tried to present their parenting in a favorable way.
Funding Information:
From the Department of Psychiatry and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre, Ume& University, Ume&, Sweden; Arkhangelsk State Medical Academy, Arkhangelsk, Russia; and the Center for Psychobiology of Personality, Washington University, St. Louis, MO. Supported by a scholarship from the Swedish Institute (Stockholm, Sweden) to Dr. Ruchkin and a grant from the East-European Committee (Ume& University) to Dr. Eisemann. Address reprint requests to Dr. Martin Eisemann, Head of Unit, Department of Psychiatry and World Health Organization Collaborating Center, Ume& University, S-90185, Ume&, Sweden. Copyright © 1998 by W.B. Saunders Company 0010-440X/98/3904-0004503.00/0
PY - 1998
Y1 - 1998
N2 - A comparison between 192 male delinquent adolescents and 121 controls from Northern Russia using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and Own Memories of Parental Rearing (EMBU) questionnaire on perceived parental rearing showed significant differences. The delinquent group had a higher level of Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, and Self-transcendence, and also scored lower on Self-directedness. Delinquents who committed nonviolent crimes (thefts) appeared to have a higher level of Harm Avoidance compared with those who committed violent crimes (hooliganism, robbery, rape, and murder). As concerns perceived parental rearing practices, delinquents experienced more parental rejection and overprotection. Most of the personality dimensions were found to be highly correlated with the level of parental emotional warmth. Furthermore, both temperament traits and maternal rearing practices predicted the development of character dimensions. Findings are discussed in light of the interactive nature of parent-child relationships and of character development.
AB - A comparison between 192 male delinquent adolescents and 121 controls from Northern Russia using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and Own Memories of Parental Rearing (EMBU) questionnaire on perceived parental rearing showed significant differences. The delinquent group had a higher level of Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, and Self-transcendence, and also scored lower on Self-directedness. Delinquents who committed nonviolent crimes (thefts) appeared to have a higher level of Harm Avoidance compared with those who committed violent crimes (hooliganism, robbery, rape, and murder). As concerns perceived parental rearing practices, delinquents experienced more parental rejection and overprotection. Most of the personality dimensions were found to be highly correlated with the level of parental emotional warmth. Furthermore, both temperament traits and maternal rearing practices predicted the development of character dimensions. Findings are discussed in light of the interactive nature of parent-child relationships and of character development.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0031868024&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0010-440X(98)90065-7
DO - 10.1016/S0010-440X(98)90065-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 9675508
AN - SCOPUS:0031868024
SN - 0010-440X
VL - 39
SP - 225
EP - 230
JO - Comprehensive Psychiatry
JF - Comprehensive Psychiatry
IS - 4
ER -