Interaction of the NK cell inhibitory receptor Ly49A with H-2D(d): Identification of a site distinct from the TCR site

Natural killer cell function is controlled by interaction of NK receptors with MHC I molecules expressed on target cells. We describe the binding of bacterially expressed Ly49A, the prototype murine NK inhibitory receptor, to similarly engineered H-2D(d). Despite its homology to C-type lectins, Ly49A binds independently of carbohydrate and Ca²⁺ and shows specificity for MHC I but not bound peptide. The affinity of the Ly49A/H- 2D(d) interaction as determined by surface plasmon resonance is from 6 to 26 μM at 25°C and is greater by ultracentrifugation at 4°C. Biotinylated Ly49A stains H-2D(d)-expressing cells. Competition experiments indicate that the Ly49A and T cell receptor (TCR) binding sites on MHC I are distinct, suggesting complex regulation of cells that bear both TCR and NK cell receptors.