Integrating Motivational Interviewing Into a Home Telehealth Program for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Who Smoke: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: We evaluated integrating a motivational interviewing (MI)-based smoking cessation curricula and MI counseling into a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) home telehealth care management program to determine if smoking behaviors improved. Method: We randomized 178 Veterans with PTSD to a 90-session MI-based home telehealth program or to usual care. Outcome measures included self-reported 24-hour quit attempts, seven-day point prevalence abstinence, progression along the stages of change, and mental health symptoms. Results: Favorable smoking cessation rates were observed in both groups. There was no statistical difference in self-reported 24-hour quit attempts, seven-day point prevalence smoking abstinence or progression along the stages of change. The intervention group showed improved depression and PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: Integrating MI-based smoking cessation treatment into PTSD home telehealth is an effective method to help Veterans with PTSD quit smoking. Further research is needed to understand how to optimize MI integration into home telehealth to achieve sustained smoking cessation rates.