Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome

Robert H. Waterston; Kerstin Lindblad-Toh; Ewan Birney; Jane Rogers; Josep F. Abril; Pankaj Agarwal; Richa Agarwala; Rachel Ainscough; Marina Alexandersson; Peter An; Stylianos E. Antonarakis; John Attwood; Robert Baertsch; Jonathon Bailey; Karen Barlow; Stephan Beck; Eric Berry; Bruce Birren; Toby Bloom; Peer Bork; Marc Botcherby; Nicolas Bray; Michael R. Brent; Daniel G. Brown; Stephen D. Brown; Carol Bult; John Burton; Jonathan Butler; Robert D. Campbell; Piero Carninci; Simon Cawley; Francesca Chiaromonte; Asif T. Chinwalla; Deanna M. Church; Michele Clamp; Christopher Clee; Francis S. Collins; Lisa L. Cook; Richard R. Copley; Alan Coulson; Olivier Couronne; James Cuff; Val Curwen; Tim Cutts; Mark Daly; Robert David; Joy Davies; Kimberly D. Delehaunty; Justin Deri; Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis; Colin Dewey; Nicholas J. Dickens; Mark Diekhans; Sheila Dodge; Inna Dubchak; Diane M. Dunn; Sean R. Eddy; Laura Elnitski; Richard D. Emes; Pallavi Eswara; Eduardo Eyras; Adam Felsenfeld; Ginger A. Fewell; Paul Flicek; Karen Foley; Wayne N. Frankel; Lucinda A. Fulton; Robert S. Fulton; Terrence S. Furey; Diane Gage; Richard A. Gibbs; Gustavo Glusman; Sante Gnerre; Nick Goldman; Leo Goodstadt; Darren Grafham; Tina A. Graves; Eric D. Green; Simon Gregory; Roderic Guigó; Mark Guyer; Ross C. Hardison; David Haussler; Yoshihide Hayashizaki; Deana W. LaHillier; Angela Hinrichs; Wratko Hlavina; Timothy Holzer; Fan Hsu; Axin Hua; Tim Hubbard; Adrienne Hunt; Ian Jackson; David B. Jaffe; L. Steven Johnson; Matthew Jones; Thomas A. Jones; Ann Joy; Michael Kamal; Elinor K. Karlsson; Donna Karolchik; Arkadiusz Kasprzyk; Jun Kawai; Evan Keibler; Cristyn Kells; W. James Kent; Andrew Kirby; Diana L. Kolbe; Ian Korf; Raju S. Kucherlapati; Edward J. Kulbokas; David Kulp; Tom Landers; J. P. Leger; Steven Leonard; Ivica Letunic; Rosie Levine; Jia Li; Ming Li; Christine Lloyd; Susan Lucas; Bin Ma; Donna R. Maglott; Elaine R. Mardis; Lucy Matthews; Evan Mauceli; John H. Mayer; Megan McCarthy; W. Richard McCombie; Stuart McLaren; Kirsten McLay; John D. McPherson; Jim Meldrim; Beverley Meredith; Jill P. Mesirov; Webb Miller; Tracie L. Miner; Emmanuel Mongin; Kate T. Montgomery; Michael Morgan; Richard Mott; James C. Mullikin; Donna M. Muzny; William E. Nash; Joanne O. Nelson; Michael N. Nhan; Robert Nicol; Zemin Ning; Chad Nusbaum; Michael J. O'Connor; Yasushi Okazaki; Karen Oliver; Emma Overton-Larty; Lior Pachter; Genís Parra; Kymberlie H. Pepin; Jane Peterson; Pavel Pevzner; Robert Plumb; Craig S. Pohl; Alex Poliakov; Tracy C. Ponce; Chris P. Ponting; Simon Potter; Michael Quail; Alexandre Reymond; Bruce A. Roe; Krishna M. Roskin; Edward M. Rubin; Alistair G. Rust; Ralph Santos; Victor Sapojnikov; Brian Schultz; Jorg Schultz; Matthias S. Schwartz; Scott Schwartz; Carol Scott; Steven Seaman; Steve Searle; Ted Sharpe; Andrew Sheridan; Ratna Shownkeen; Sarah Sims; Jonathan B. Singer; Guy Slater; Arian Smit; Douglas R. Smith; Brian Spencer; Arne Stabenau; Nicole Stange-Thomann; Charles Sugnet; Mikita Suyama; Glenn Tesler; Johanna Thompson; David Torrents; Evanne Trevaskis; John Tromp; Catherine Ucla; Abel Ureta-Vidal; Jade P. Vinson; Andrew C. von Niederhausern; Claire M. Wade; Melanie Wall; Ryan J. Weber; Robert B. Weiss; Michael C. Wendl; Anthony P. West; Kris Wetterstrand; Raymond Wheeler; Simon Whelan; Jamey Wierzbowski; David Willey; Sophie Williams; Richard K. Wilson; Eitan Winter; Kim C. Worley; Dudley Wyman; Shan Yang; Shiaw Pyng Yang; Evgeny M. Zdobnov; Michael C. Zody; Eric S. Lander

doi:10.1038/nature01262

Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome

Robert H. Waterston, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Ewan Birney, Jane Rogers, Josep F. Abril, Pankaj Agarwal, Richa Agarwala, Rachel Ainscough, Marina Alexandersson, Peter An, Stylianos E. Antonarakis, John Attwood, Robert Baertsch, Jonathon Bailey, Karen Barlow, Stephan Beck, Eric Berry, Bruce Birren, Toby Bloom, Peer BorkMarc Botcherby, Nicolas Bray, Michael R. Brent, Daniel G. Brown, Stephen D. Brown, Carol Bult, John Burton, Jonathan Butler, Robert D. Campbell, Piero Carninci, Simon Cawley, Francesca Chiaromonte, Asif T. Chinwalla, Deanna M. Church, Michele Clamp, Christopher Clee, Francis S. Collins, Lisa L. Cook, Richard R. Copley, Alan Coulson, Olivier Couronne, James Cuff, Val Curwen, Tim Cutts, Mark Daly, Robert David, Joy Davies, Kimberly D. Delehaunty, Justin Deri, Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis, Colin Dewey, Nicholas J. Dickens, Mark Diekhans, Sheila Dodge, Inna Dubchak, Diane M. Dunn, Sean R. Eddy, Laura Elnitski, Richard D. Emes, Pallavi Eswara, Eduardo Eyras, Adam Felsenfeld, Ginger A. Fewell, Paul Flicek, Karen Foley, Wayne N. Frankel, Lucinda A. Fulton, Robert S. Fulton, Terrence S. Furey, Diane Gage, Richard A. Gibbs, Gustavo Glusman, Sante Gnerre, Nick Goldman, Leo Goodstadt, Darren Grafham, Tina A. Graves, Eric D. Green, Simon Gregory, Roderic Guigó, Mark Guyer, Ross C. Hardison, David Haussler, Yoshihide Hayashizaki, Deana W. LaHillier, Angela Hinrichs, Wratko Hlavina, Timothy Holzer, Fan Hsu, Axin Hua, Tim Hubbard, Adrienne Hunt, Ian Jackson, David B. Jaffe, L. Steven Johnson, Matthew Jones, Thomas A. Jones, Ann Joy, Michael Kamal, Elinor K. Karlsson, Donna Karolchik, Arkadiusz Kasprzyk, Jun Kawai, Evan Keibler, Cristyn Kells, W. James Kent, Andrew Kirby, Diana L. Kolbe, Ian Korf, Raju S. Kucherlapati, Edward J. Kulbokas, David Kulp, Tom Landers, J. P. Leger, Steven Leonard, Ivica Letunic, Rosie Levine, Jia Li, Ming Li, Christine Lloyd, Susan Lucas, Bin Ma, Donna R. Maglott, Elaine R. Mardis, Lucy Matthews, Evan Mauceli, John H. Mayer, Megan McCarthy, W. Richard McCombie, Stuart McLaren, Kirsten McLay, John D. McPherson, Jim Meldrim, Beverley Meredith, Jill P. Mesirov, Webb Miller, Tracie L. Miner, Emmanuel Mongin, Kate T. Montgomery, Michael Morgan, Richard Mott, James C. Mullikin, Donna M. Muzny, William E. Nash, Joanne O. Nelson, Michael N. Nhan, Robert Nicol, Zemin Ning, Chad Nusbaum, Michael J. O'Connor, Yasushi Okazaki, Karen Oliver, Emma Overton-Larty, Lior Pachter, Genís Parra, Kymberlie H. Pepin, Jane Peterson, Pavel Pevzner, Robert Plumb, Craig S. Pohl, Alex Poliakov, Tracy C. Ponce, Chris P. Ponting, Simon Potter, Michael Quail, Alexandre Reymond, Bruce A. Roe, Krishna M. Roskin, Edward M. Rubin, Alistair G. Rust, Ralph Santos, Victor Sapojnikov, Brian Schultz, Jorg Schultz, Matthias S. Schwartz, Scott Schwartz, Carol Scott, Steven Seaman, Steve Searle, Ted Sharpe, Andrew Sheridan, Ratna Shownkeen, Sarah Sims, Jonathan B. Singer, Guy Slater, Arian Smit, Douglas R. Smith, Brian Spencer, Arne Stabenau, Nicole Stange-Thomann, Charles Sugnet, Mikita Suyama, Glenn Tesler, Johanna Thompson, David Torrents, Evanne Trevaskis, John Tromp, Catherine Ucla, Abel Ureta-Vidal, Jade P. Vinson, Andrew C. von Niederhausern, Claire M. Wade, Melanie Wall, Ryan J. Weber, Robert B. Weiss, Michael C. Wendl, Anthony P. West, Kris Wetterstrand, Raymond Wheeler, Simon Whelan, Jamey Wierzbowski, David Willey, Sophie Williams, Richard K. Wilson, Eitan Winter, Kim C. Worley, Dudley Wyman, Shan Yang, Shiaw Pyng Yang, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Michael C. Zody, Eric S. Lander

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5686 Scopus citations

Abstract

The sequence of the mouse genome is a key informational tool for understanding the contents of the human genome and a key experimental tool for biomedical research. Here, we report the results of an international collaboration to produce a high-quality draft sequence of the mouse genome. We also present an initial comparative analysis of the mouse and human genomes, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the two sequences. We discuss topics including the analysis of the evolutionary forces shaping the size, structure and sequence of the genomes; the conservation of large-scale synteny across most of the genomes; the much lower extent of sequence orthology covering less than half of the genomes; the proportions of the genomes under selection; the number of protein-coding genes; the expansion of gene families related to reproduction and immunity; the evolution of proteins; and the identification of intraspecies polymorphism.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	520-562
Number of pages	43
Journal	Nature
Volume	420
Issue number	6915
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01262
State	Published - Dec 5 2002

Access to Document

10.1038/nature01262

Cite this

Waterston, R. H., Lindblad-Toh, K., Birney, E., Rogers, J., Abril, J. F., Agarwal, P., Agarwala, R., Ainscough, R., Alexandersson, M., An, P., Antonarakis, S. E., Attwood, J., Baertsch, R., Bailey, J., Barlow, K., Beck, S., Berry, E., Birren, B., Bloom, T., ... Lander, E. S. (2002). Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome. Nature, 420(6915), 520-562. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01262

@article{2a0773269e014371b647706619046563,

title = "Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome",

abstract = "The sequence of the mouse genome is a key informational tool for understanding the contents of the human genome and a key experimental tool for biomedical research. Here, we report the results of an international collaboration to produce a high-quality draft sequence of the mouse genome. We also present an initial comparative analysis of the mouse and human genomes, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the two sequences. We discuss topics including the analysis of the evolutionary forces shaping the size, structure and sequence of the genomes; the conservation of large-scale synteny across most of the genomes; the much lower extent of sequence orthology covering less than half of the genomes; the proportions of the genomes under selection; the number of protein-coding genes; the expansion of gene families related to reproduction and immunity; the evolution of proteins; and the identification of intraspecies polymorphism.",

author = "Waterston, {Robert H.} and Kerstin Lindblad-Toh and Ewan Birney and Jane Rogers and Abril, {Josep F.} and Pankaj Agarwal and Richa Agarwala and Rachel Ainscough and Marina Alexandersson and Peter An and Antonarakis, {Stylianos E.} and John Attwood and Robert Baertsch and Jonathon Bailey and Karen Barlow and Stephan Beck and Eric Berry and Bruce Birren and Toby Bloom and Peer Bork and Marc Botcherby and Nicolas Bray and Brent, {Michael R.} and Brown, {Daniel G.} and Brown, {Stephen D.} and Carol Bult and John Burton and Jonathan Butler and Campbell, {Robert D.} and Piero Carninci and Simon Cawley and Francesca Chiaromonte and Chinwalla, {Asif T.} and Church, {Deanna M.} and Michele Clamp and Christopher Clee and Collins, {Francis S.} and Cook, {Lisa L.} and Copley, {Richard R.} and Alan Coulson and Olivier Couronne and James Cuff and Val Curwen and Tim Cutts and Mark Daly and Robert David and Joy Davies and Delehaunty, {Kimberly D.} and Justin Deri and Dermitzakis, {Emmanouil T.} and Colin Dewey and Dickens, {Nicholas J.} and Mark Diekhans and Sheila Dodge and Inna Dubchak and Dunn, {Diane M.} and Eddy, {Sean R.} and Laura Elnitski and Emes, {Richard D.} and Pallavi Eswara and Eduardo Eyras and Adam Felsenfeld and Fewell, {Ginger A.} and Paul Flicek and Karen Foley and Frankel, {Wayne N.} and Fulton, {Lucinda A.} and Fulton, {Robert S.} and Furey, {Terrence S.} and Diane Gage and Gibbs, {Richard A.} and Gustavo Glusman and Sante Gnerre and Nick Goldman and Leo Goodstadt and Darren Grafham and Graves, {Tina A.} and Green, {Eric D.} and Simon Gregory and Roderic Guig{\'o} and Mark Guyer and Hardison, {Ross C.} and David Haussler and Yoshihide Hayashizaki and LaHillier, {Deana W.} and Angela Hinrichs and Wratko Hlavina and Timothy Holzer and Fan Hsu and Axin Hua and Tim Hubbard and Adrienne Hunt and Ian Jackson and Jaffe, {David B.} and Johnson, {L. Steven} and Matthew Jones and Jones, {Thomas A.} and Ann Joy and Michael Kamal and Karlsson, {Elinor K.} and Donna Karolchik and Arkadiusz Kasprzyk and Jun Kawai and Evan Keibler and Cristyn Kells and Kent, {W. James} and Andrew Kirby and Kolbe, {Diana L.} and Ian Korf and Kucherlapati, {Raju S.} and Kulbokas, {Edward J.} and David Kulp and Tom Landers and Leger, {J. P.} and Steven Leonard and Ivica Letunic and Rosie Levine and Jia Li and Ming Li and Christine Lloyd and Susan Lucas and Bin Ma and Maglott, {Donna R.} and Mardis, {Elaine R.} and Lucy Matthews and Evan Mauceli and Mayer, {John H.} and Megan McCarthy and McCombie, {W. Richard} and Stuart McLaren and Kirsten McLay and McPherson, {John D.} and Jim Meldrim and Beverley Meredith and Mesirov, {Jill P.} and Webb Miller and Miner, {Tracie L.} and Emmanuel Mongin and Montgomery, {Kate T.} and Michael Morgan and Richard Mott and Mullikin, {James C.} and Muzny, {Donna M.} and Nash, {William E.} and Nelson, {Joanne O.} and Nhan, {Michael N.} and Robert Nicol and Zemin Ning and Chad Nusbaum and O'Connor, {Michael J.} and Yasushi Okazaki and Karen Oliver and Emma Overton-Larty and Lior Pachter and Gen{\'i}s Parra and Pepin, {Kymberlie H.} and Jane Peterson and Pavel Pevzner and Robert Plumb and Pohl, {Craig S.} and Alex Poliakov and Ponce, {Tracy C.} and Ponting, {Chris P.} and Simon Potter and Michael Quail and Alexandre Reymond and Roe, {Bruce A.} and Roskin, {Krishna M.} and Rubin, {Edward M.} and Rust, {Alistair G.} and Ralph Santos and Victor Sapojnikov and Brian Schultz and Jorg Schultz and Schwartz, {Matthias S.} and Scott Schwartz and Carol Scott and Steven Seaman and Steve Searle and Ted Sharpe and Andrew Sheridan and Ratna Shownkeen and Sarah Sims and Singer, {Jonathan B.} and Guy Slater and Arian Smit and Smith, {Douglas R.} and Brian Spencer and Arne Stabenau and Nicole Stange-Thomann and Charles Sugnet and Mikita Suyama and Glenn Tesler and Johanna Thompson and David Torrents and Evanne Trevaskis and John Tromp and Catherine Ucla and Abel Ureta-Vidal and Vinson, {Jade P.} and {von Niederhausern}, {Andrew C.} and Wade, {Claire M.} and Melanie Wall and Weber, {Ryan J.} and Weiss, {Robert B.} and Wendl, {Michael C.} and West, {Anthony P.} and Kris Wetterstrand and Raymond Wheeler and Simon Whelan and Jamey Wierzbowski and David Willey and Sophie Williams and Wilson, {Richard K.} and Eitan Winter and Worley, {Kim C.} and Dudley Wyman and Shan Yang and Yang, {Shiaw Pyng} and Zdobnov, {Evgeny M.} and Zody, {Michael C.} and Lander, {Eric S.}",

note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements We thank J. Takahashi and M. Johnston for comments on the manuscript; the Mouse Liaison Group for strategic advice; L. Gaffney, D. Leja and K.-S. Toh for graphical help; B. Graham and G. Roberts for administrative work on sequencing of individual mouse BACs; and P. Kassos and M. McMurtry for secretarial assistance. We thank D. Hill and L. Corbani of the Mouse Genome Informatics Group for their contributions to the GO analysis for mouse and human, and the members of the Bork group at EMBL for discussions. Funding was provided by the National Institutes of Health (National Human Genome Research Institute, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Eye Institute, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Aging, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Center for Research Resources, the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and The Fogarty International Center); the Wellcome Trust; the Howard Hughes Medical Institute; the United States Department of Energy; the National Science Foundation; the Medical Research Council; NSERC; BMBF (German Ministry for Research and Education); the European Molecular Biology Laboratory; Plan Nacional de I{\th}D and Instituto Carlos III; Swiss National Science Foundation, NCCR Frontiers in Genetics, the Swiss Cancer League and the {\textquoteleft}Childcare{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteleft}J. Lejeune{\textquoteright} Foundations; and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. The initial threefold sequence coverage was partly supported by the Mouse Sequencing Consortium (GlaxoSmithKline, Merck and Affymetrix) through the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health. We acknowledge A. Holden for coordinating the Mouse Sequencing Consortium. We thank the Sanger Institute systems group for maintenance and provision of the computer resource. The MGSC also used Hewlett-Packard Company{\textquoteright}s BioCluster, a configuration of 27 HP AlphaServer ES40 systems with 100 CPUs and 1 terabyte of storage. The BioCluster is housed in Hewlett-Packard{\textquoteright}s IQ Solutions Center, and was accessed remotely. The computing resource greatly accelerated the analysis.",

year = "2002",

month = dec,

day = "5",

doi = "10.1038/nature01262",

language = "English",

volume = "420",

pages = "520--562",

journal = "Nature",

issn = "0028-0836",

number = "6915",

}

Waterston, RH, Lindblad-Toh, K, Birney, E, Rogers, J, Abril, JF, Agarwal, P, Agarwala, R, Ainscough, R, Alexandersson, M, An, P, Antonarakis, SE, Attwood, J, Baertsch, R, Bailey, J, Barlow, K, Beck, S, Berry, E, Birren, B, Bloom, T, Bork, P, Botcherby, M, Bray, N, Brent, MR, Brown, DG, Brown, SD, Bult, C, Burton, J, Butler, J, Campbell, RD, Carninci, P, Cawley, S, Chiaromonte, F, Chinwalla, AT, Church, DM, Clamp, M, Clee, C, Collins, FS, Cook, LL, Copley, RR, Coulson, A, Couronne, O, Cuff, J, Curwen, V, Cutts, T, Daly, M, David, R, Davies, J, Delehaunty, KD, Deri, J, Dermitzakis, ET, Dewey, C, Dickens, NJ, Diekhans, M, Dodge, S, Dubchak, I, Dunn, DM, Eddy, SR, Elnitski, L, Emes, RD, Eswara, P, Eyras, E, Felsenfeld, A, Fewell, GA, Flicek, P, Foley, K, Frankel, WN, Fulton, LA , Fulton, RS, Furey, TS, Gage, D, Gibbs, RA, Glusman, G, Gnerre, S, Goldman, N, Goodstadt, L, Grafham, D, Graves, TA, Green, ED, Gregory, S, Guigó, R, Guyer, M, Hardison, RC, Haussler, D, Hayashizaki, Y, LaHillier, DW, Hinrichs, A, Hlavina, W, Holzer, T, Hsu, F, Hua, A, Hubbard, T, Hunt, A, Jackson, I, Jaffe, DB, Johnson, LS, Jones, M, Jones, TA, Joy, A, Kamal, M, Karlsson, EK, Karolchik, D, Kasprzyk, A, Kawai, J, Keibler, E, Kells, C, Kent, WJ, Kirby, A, Kolbe, DL, Korf, I, Kucherlapati, RS, Kulbokas, EJ, Kulp, D, Landers, T, Leger, JP, Leonard, S, Letunic, I, Levine, R, Li, J, Li, M, Lloyd, C, Lucas, S, Ma, B, Maglott, DR, Mardis, ER, Matthews, L, Mauceli, E, Mayer, JH, McCarthy, M, McCombie, WR, McLaren, S, McLay, K, McPherson, JD, Meldrim, J, Meredith, B, Mesirov, JP, Miller, W, Miner, TL, Mongin, E, Montgomery, KT, Morgan, M, Mott, R, Mullikin, JC, Muzny, DM, Nash, WE, Nelson, JO, Nhan, MN, Nicol, R, Ning, Z, Nusbaum, C, O'Connor, MJ, Okazaki, Y, Oliver, K, Overton-Larty, E, Pachter, L, Parra, G, Pepin, KH, Peterson, J, Pevzner, P, Plumb, R, Pohl, CS, Poliakov, A, Ponce, TC, Ponting, CP, Potter, S, Quail, M, Reymond, A, Roe, BA, Roskin, KM, Rubin, EM, Rust, AG, Santos, R, Sapojnikov, V, Schultz, B, Schultz, J, Schwartz, MS, Schwartz, S, Scott, C, Seaman, S, Searle, S, Sharpe, T, Sheridan, A, Shownkeen, R, Sims, S, Singer, JB, Slater, G, Smit, A, Smith, DR, Spencer, B, Stabenau, A, Stange-Thomann, N, Sugnet, C, Suyama, M, Tesler, G, Thompson, J, Torrents, D, Trevaskis, E, Tromp, J, Ucla, C, Ureta-Vidal, A, Vinson, JP, von Niederhausern, AC, Wade, CM, Wall, M, Weber, RJ, Weiss, RB, Wendl, MC, West, AP, Wetterstrand, K, Wheeler, R, Whelan, S, Wierzbowski, J, Willey, D, Williams, S, Wilson, RK, Winter, E, Worley, KC, Wyman, D, Yang, S, Yang, SP, Zdobnov, EM, Zody, MC & Lander, ES 2002, 'Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome', Nature, vol. 420, no. 6915, pp. 520-562. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01262

TY - JOUR

T1 - Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome

AU - Waterston, Robert H.

AU - Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin

AU - Birney, Ewan

AU - Rogers, Jane

AU - Abril, Josep F.

AU - Agarwal, Pankaj

AU - Agarwala, Richa

AU - Ainscough, Rachel

AU - Alexandersson, Marina

AU - An, Peter

AU - Antonarakis, Stylianos E.

AU - Attwood, John

AU - Baertsch, Robert

AU - Bailey, Jonathon

AU - Barlow, Karen

AU - Beck, Stephan

AU - Berry, Eric

AU - Birren, Bruce

AU - Bloom, Toby

AU - Bork, Peer

AU - Botcherby, Marc

AU - Bray, Nicolas

AU - Brent, Michael R.

AU - Brown, Daniel G.

AU - Brown, Stephen D.

AU - Bult, Carol

AU - Burton, John

AU - Butler, Jonathan

AU - Campbell, Robert D.

AU - Carninci, Piero

AU - Cawley, Simon

AU - Chiaromonte, Francesca

AU - Chinwalla, Asif T.

AU - Church, Deanna M.

AU - Clamp, Michele

AU - Clee, Christopher

AU - Collins, Francis S.

AU - Cook, Lisa L.

AU - Copley, Richard R.

AU - Coulson, Alan

AU - Couronne, Olivier

AU - Cuff, James

AU - Curwen, Val

AU - Cutts, Tim

AU - Daly, Mark

AU - David, Robert

AU - Davies, Joy

AU - Delehaunty, Kimberly D.

AU - Deri, Justin

AU - Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T.

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AU - Dickens, Nicholas J.

AU - Diekhans, Mark

AU - Dodge, Sheila

AU - Dubchak, Inna

AU - Dunn, Diane M.

AU - Eddy, Sean R.

AU - Elnitski, Laura

AU - Emes, Richard D.

AU - Eswara, Pallavi

AU - Eyras, Eduardo

AU - Felsenfeld, Adam

AU - Fewell, Ginger A.

AU - Flicek, Paul

AU - Foley, Karen

AU - Frankel, Wayne N.

AU - Fulton, Lucinda A.

AU - Fulton, Robert S.

AU - Furey, Terrence S.

AU - Gage, Diane

AU - Gibbs, Richard A.

AU - Glusman, Gustavo

AU - Gnerre, Sante

AU - Goldman, Nick

AU - Goodstadt, Leo

AU - Grafham, Darren

AU - Graves, Tina A.

AU - Green, Eric D.

AU - Gregory, Simon

AU - Guigó, Roderic

AU - Guyer, Mark

AU - Hardison, Ross C.

AU - Haussler, David

AU - Hayashizaki, Yoshihide

AU - LaHillier, Deana W.

AU - Hinrichs, Angela

AU - Hlavina, Wratko

AU - Holzer, Timothy

AU - Hsu, Fan

AU - Hua, Axin

AU - Hubbard, Tim

AU - Hunt, Adrienne

AU - Jackson, Ian

AU - Jaffe, David B.

AU - Johnson, L. Steven

AU - Jones, Matthew

AU - Jones, Thomas A.

AU - Joy, Ann

AU - Kamal, Michael

AU - Karlsson, Elinor K.

AU - Karolchik, Donna

AU - Kasprzyk, Arkadiusz

AU - Kawai, Jun

AU - Keibler, Evan

AU - Kells, Cristyn

AU - Kent, W. James

AU - Kirby, Andrew

AU - Kolbe, Diana L.

AU - Korf, Ian

AU - Kucherlapati, Raju S.

AU - Kulbokas, Edward J.

AU - Kulp, David

AU - Landers, Tom

AU - Leger, J. P.

AU - Leonard, Steven

AU - Letunic, Ivica

AU - Levine, Rosie

AU - Li, Jia

AU - Li, Ming

AU - Lloyd, Christine

AU - Lucas, Susan

AU - Ma, Bin

AU - Maglott, Donna R.

AU - Mardis, Elaine R.

AU - Matthews, Lucy

AU - Mauceli, Evan

AU - Mayer, John H.

AU - McCarthy, Megan

AU - McCombie, W. Richard

AU - McLaren, Stuart

AU - McLay, Kirsten

AU - McPherson, John D.

AU - Meldrim, Jim

AU - Meredith, Beverley

AU - Mesirov, Jill P.

AU - Miller, Webb

AU - Miner, Tracie L.

AU - Mongin, Emmanuel

AU - Montgomery, Kate T.

AU - Morgan, Michael

AU - Mott, Richard

AU - Mullikin, James C.

AU - Muzny, Donna M.

AU - Nash, William E.

AU - Nelson, Joanne O.

AU - Nhan, Michael N.

AU - Nicol, Robert

AU - Ning, Zemin

AU - Nusbaum, Chad

AU - O'Connor, Michael J.

AU - Okazaki, Yasushi

AU - Oliver, Karen

AU - Overton-Larty, Emma

AU - Pachter, Lior

AU - Parra, Genís

AU - Pepin, Kymberlie H.

AU - Peterson, Jane

AU - Pevzner, Pavel

AU - Plumb, Robert

AU - Pohl, Craig S.

AU - Poliakov, Alex

AU - Ponce, Tracy C.

AU - Ponting, Chris P.

AU - Potter, Simon

AU - Quail, Michael

AU - Reymond, Alexandre

AU - Roe, Bruce A.

AU - Roskin, Krishna M.

AU - Rubin, Edward M.

AU - Rust, Alistair G.

AU - Santos, Ralph

AU - Sapojnikov, Victor

AU - Schultz, Brian

AU - Schultz, Jorg

AU - Schwartz, Matthias S.

AU - Schwartz, Scott

AU - Scott, Carol

AU - Seaman, Steven

AU - Searle, Steve

AU - Sharpe, Ted

AU - Sheridan, Andrew

AU - Shownkeen, Ratna

AU - Sims, Sarah

AU - Singer, Jonathan B.

AU - Slater, Guy

AU - Smit, Arian

AU - Smith, Douglas R.

AU - Spencer, Brian

AU - Stabenau, Arne

AU - Stange-Thomann, Nicole

AU - Sugnet, Charles

AU - Suyama, Mikita

AU - Tesler, Glenn

AU - Thompson, Johanna

AU - Torrents, David

AU - Trevaskis, Evanne

AU - Tromp, John

AU - Ucla, Catherine

AU - Ureta-Vidal, Abel

AU - Vinson, Jade P.

AU - von Niederhausern, Andrew C.

AU - Wade, Claire M.

AU - Wall, Melanie

AU - Weber, Ryan J.

AU - Weiss, Robert B.

AU - Wendl, Michael C.

AU - West, Anthony P.

AU - Wetterstrand, Kris

AU - Wheeler, Raymond

AU - Whelan, Simon

AU - Wierzbowski, Jamey

AU - Willey, David

AU - Williams, Sophie

AU - Wilson, Richard K.

AU - Winter, Eitan

AU - Worley, Kim C.

AU - Wyman, Dudley

AU - Yang, Shan

AU - Yang, Shiaw Pyng

AU - Zdobnov, Evgeny M.

AU - Zody, Michael C.

AU - Lander, Eric S.

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements We thank J. Takahashi and M. Johnston for comments on the manuscript; the Mouse Liaison Group for strategic advice; L. Gaffney, D. Leja and K.-S. Toh for graphical help; B. Graham and G. Roberts for administrative work on sequencing of individual mouse BACs; and P. Kassos and M. McMurtry for secretarial assistance. We thank D. Hill and L. Corbani of the Mouse Genome Informatics Group for their contributions to the GO analysis for mouse and human, and the members of the Bork group at EMBL for discussions. Funding was provided by the National Institutes of Health (National Human Genome Research Institute, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Eye Institute, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Aging, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Center for Research Resources, the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and The Fogarty International Center); the Wellcome Trust; the Howard Hughes Medical Institute; the United States Department of Energy; the National Science Foundation; the Medical Research Council; NSERC; BMBF (German Ministry for Research and Education); the European Molecular Biology Laboratory; Plan Nacional de IþD and Instituto Carlos III; Swiss National Science Foundation, NCCR Frontiers in Genetics, the Swiss Cancer League and the ‘Childcare’ and ‘J. Lejeune’ Foundations; and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. The initial threefold sequence coverage was partly supported by the Mouse Sequencing Consortium (GlaxoSmithKline, Merck and Affymetrix) through the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health. We acknowledge A. Holden for coordinating the Mouse Sequencing Consortium. We thank the Sanger Institute systems group for maintenance and provision of the computer resource. The MGSC also used Hewlett-Packard Company’s BioCluster, a configuration of 27 HP AlphaServer ES40 systems with 100 CPUs and 1 terabyte of storage. The BioCluster is housed in Hewlett-Packard’s IQ Solutions Center, and was accessed remotely. The computing resource greatly accelerated the analysis.

PY - 2002/12/5

Y1 - 2002/12/5

N2 - The sequence of the mouse genome is a key informational tool for understanding the contents of the human genome and a key experimental tool for biomedical research. Here, we report the results of an international collaboration to produce a high-quality draft sequence of the mouse genome. We also present an initial comparative analysis of the mouse and human genomes, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the two sequences. We discuss topics including the analysis of the evolutionary forces shaping the size, structure and sequence of the genomes; the conservation of large-scale synteny across most of the genomes; the much lower extent of sequence orthology covering less than half of the genomes; the proportions of the genomes under selection; the number of protein-coding genes; the expansion of gene families related to reproduction and immunity; the evolution of proteins; and the identification of intraspecies polymorphism.

AB - The sequence of the mouse genome is a key informational tool for understanding the contents of the human genome and a key experimental tool for biomedical research. Here, we report the results of an international collaboration to produce a high-quality draft sequence of the mouse genome. We also present an initial comparative analysis of the mouse and human genomes, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the two sequences. We discuss topics including the analysis of the evolutionary forces shaping the size, structure and sequence of the genomes; the conservation of large-scale synteny across most of the genomes; the much lower extent of sequence orthology covering less than half of the genomes; the proportions of the genomes under selection; the number of protein-coding genes; the expansion of gene families related to reproduction and immunity; the evolution of proteins; and the identification of intraspecies polymorphism.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=1542563409&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/nature01262

DO - 10.1038/nature01262

M3 - Article

C2 - 12466850

AN - SCOPUS:1542563409

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 420

SP - 520

EP - 562

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 6915

ER -

Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome

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