TY - GEN
T1 - Influence of water chemistry on the dissolution rates of lead corrosion products
AU - Giammar, Daniel
AU - Noel, James
AU - Xie, Yanjiao
AU - Nelson, Katherine
AU - Wang, Yin
AU - Singhal, Vidhi
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - The dissolution of lead corrosion products that are present as scales on lead pipes in distribution systems can be a source of lead to drinking water. Corrosion products that develop in pipe scales include lead(II) oxides, carbonates, and phosphates as well as lead(IV) oxides when high concentrations of free chlorine are present. Changes in treatment processes that influence the distribution system water chemistry have the potential to enhance or inhibit the dissolution of lead-containing corrosion products. The dissolution rates of three lead-containing solids that have been observed in distribution systems have been systematically measured as a function of important water chemistry parameters. The lead corrosion products studied are the lead(II) carbonate hydrocerussite, the lead(II) phosphate hydroxylpyromorphite, and the lead(IV) oxide plattnerite. Dissolution rates were varied as a function of pH, dissolved inorganic carbon, orthophosphate concentration, and the presence or absence of monochloramine. The dissolution rates of all three corrosion products were strongly influenced by pH. The presence of phosphate dramatically decreased the dissolution rate of all three phases; for hydrocerussite, the addition of phosphate induced the gradual transformation of the lead(II) carbonate solid into a lead(II) phosphate solid. The influence of dissolved inorganic carbon was more complex. 2009
AB - The dissolution of lead corrosion products that are present as scales on lead pipes in distribution systems can be a source of lead to drinking water. Corrosion products that develop in pipe scales include lead(II) oxides, carbonates, and phosphates as well as lead(IV) oxides when high concentrations of free chlorine are present. Changes in treatment processes that influence the distribution system water chemistry have the potential to enhance or inhibit the dissolution of lead-containing corrosion products. The dissolution rates of three lead-containing solids that have been observed in distribution systems have been systematically measured as a function of important water chemistry parameters. The lead corrosion products studied are the lead(II) carbonate hydrocerussite, the lead(II) phosphate hydroxylpyromorphite, and the lead(IV) oxide plattnerite. Dissolution rates were varied as a function of pH, dissolved inorganic carbon, orthophosphate concentration, and the presence or absence of monochloramine. The dissolution rates of all three corrosion products were strongly influenced by pH. The presence of phosphate dramatically decreased the dissolution rate of all three phases; for hydrocerussite, the addition of phosphate induced the gradual transformation of the lead(II) carbonate solid into a lead(II) phosphate solid. The influence of dissolved inorganic carbon was more complex. 2009
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84873493222
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:84873493222
SN - 9781615679591
T3 - Water Quality Technology Conference and Exposition 2009
SP - 2422
EP - 2427
BT - Water Quality Technology Conference and Exposition 2009
T2 - Water Quality Technology Conference and Exposition 2009
Y2 - 15 November 2009 through 19 November 2009
ER -