TY - JOUR
T1 - Inflammatory biomarker score and cancer
T2 - A population-based prospective cohort study
AU - Morrison, Leavitt
AU - Laukkanen, Jari A.
AU - Ronkainen, Kimmo
AU - Kurl, Sudhir
AU - Kauhanen, Jussi
AU - Toriola, Adetunji T.
N1 - Funding Information:
Adetunji T. Toriola is supported by the Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital Foundation, Siteman Cancer Center, and the Faculty Diversity Award. These sources had no role in design, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. There are no sources of funding for other authors. We thank Alisha A. Lad for assistance with data management.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Morrison et al.
PY - 2016/2/10
Y1 - 2016/2/10
N2 - Background: Inflammation is associated with cancer but there are conflicting reports on associations of biomarkers of inflammation with cancer risk and mortality. We investigated the associations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte count with cancer risk and mortality using individual biomarkers, and an inflammatory score derived from both biomarkers. Methods: We conducted this analysis among 2,570 men enrolled in the population-based, prospective Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study in Finland. During an average follow-up period of 26 years, 653 cancer cases and 287 cancer deaths occurred. We computed a z-score for each participant, with the combined z-score being the sum of each individual's CRP and leukocyte z-scores. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate associations with cancer risk and mortality. Results: Using individual biomarkers, elevated leukocyte count was associated with an increased risk of cancer (RR = 1.31, 95 % CI 1.04-1.66), and cancer mortality (RR=, 95 % CI 1.39, 0.98-1.97). The corresponding results for CRP were (RR = 1.23, 95 % CI 0.97-1.55) for risk and (RR = 1.15, 95 % CI 0.81-1.64) for cancer mortality. Associations of the biomarkers with cancer appeared to be more robust using the combined z-score. HRs comparing men within the highest z-score quartile to those within the lowest z-score quartiles were 1.47 (95 % CI 1.16-1.88, p-trend < 0.01) for cancer risk, and 1.48 (95 % CI 1.03-2.14, p-trend = 0.09) for cancer mortality. Conclusion: Our study suggests that inflammation is associated with cancer risk and mortality, and combining inflammatory biomarkers into a score is a robust method of elucidating this association.
AB - Background: Inflammation is associated with cancer but there are conflicting reports on associations of biomarkers of inflammation with cancer risk and mortality. We investigated the associations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte count with cancer risk and mortality using individual biomarkers, and an inflammatory score derived from both biomarkers. Methods: We conducted this analysis among 2,570 men enrolled in the population-based, prospective Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study in Finland. During an average follow-up period of 26 years, 653 cancer cases and 287 cancer deaths occurred. We computed a z-score for each participant, with the combined z-score being the sum of each individual's CRP and leukocyte z-scores. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate associations with cancer risk and mortality. Results: Using individual biomarkers, elevated leukocyte count was associated with an increased risk of cancer (RR = 1.31, 95 % CI 1.04-1.66), and cancer mortality (RR=, 95 % CI 1.39, 0.98-1.97). The corresponding results for CRP were (RR = 1.23, 95 % CI 0.97-1.55) for risk and (RR = 1.15, 95 % CI 0.81-1.64) for cancer mortality. Associations of the biomarkers with cancer appeared to be more robust using the combined z-score. HRs comparing men within the highest z-score quartile to those within the lowest z-score quartiles were 1.47 (95 % CI 1.16-1.88, p-trend < 0.01) for cancer risk, and 1.48 (95 % CI 1.03-2.14, p-trend = 0.09) for cancer mortality. Conclusion: Our study suggests that inflammation is associated with cancer risk and mortality, and combining inflammatory biomarkers into a score is a robust method of elucidating this association.
KW - Biomarkers
KW - C-reactive protein
KW - Cancer mortality
KW - Inflammation
KW - Leukocyte count
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84957593634&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s12885-016-2115-6
DO - 10.1186/s12885-016-2115-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 26860264
AN - SCOPUS:84957593634
SN - 1471-2407
VL - 16
JO - BMC Cancer
JF - BMC Cancer
IS - 1
M1 - 80
ER -