Infectious Sialadenitis

Purpose of Review: Infections of the salivary glands (infectious sialadenitis) can be caused by many different pathogens. We intend to review the types of infections, their presentation and treatment, and the potential associated risks. Recent Findings: Bacterial sialadenitis is attributed to retrograde oral contamination and is associated with duct obstruction and diminished salivary flow. Treatment is supportive with antibiotic therapy and monitoring for rare complications from infection. Many viruses can be implicated in parotitis, most notably mumps paramyxovirus, and are treated symptomatically. Other infections, such as actinomyces and mycobacterium, can be a rare cause of infectious sialadenitis. Summary: For patients presenting with the signs and symptoms of infectious sialadenitis, careful history, exam and workup can direct therapy. Patients should be monitored for potential complications associated with persistent infection.