Income is an independent risk factor for worse asthma outcomes

Vitamin D Add-On Therapy Enhances Corticosteroid Disparities Working Group members on behalf of the AsthmaNet investigators

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

69 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with asthma morbidity in observational studies, but the factors underlying this association are uncertain. Objective: We investigated whether 3 SES correlates—low income, low education, and high perceived stress—were independent risk factors for treatment failure and asthma exacerbations in the context of a randomized controlled trial. Methods: The effect of low SES (household income of <$50,000/y and household educational level of less than a Bachelor's degree) and high perceived stress (defined as a score of >20 on a perceived stress scale) on asthma morbidity was analyzed in 381 participants by using Poisson regression models. The primary outcome was treatment failure (defined in the trial protocol as a significant clinical or airflow deterioration), and the secondary outcome was asthma exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids. Results: Fifty-four percent of participants had a low income, 40% had a low educational level, and 17% had high perceived stress levels. Even after adjusting for race and other important confounders, participants with lower income had higher rates of both treatment failures (rate ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.3; P =.03) and exacerbations (rate ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.3; P =.02). Adherence with inhaled corticosteroids was similarly high for both income categories. Education and perceived stress were not significantly associated with either outcome. Conclusions: In the context of a randomized controlled trial, participants with lower income were more likely to experience adverse asthma outcomes independent of education, perceived stress, race, and medication adherence.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)754-760.e3
JournalJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Volume141
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 2018

Keywords

  • Disparities
  • Vitamin D Add-On Therapy Enhances Corticosteroid trial
  • asthma exacerbation
  • education
  • low income
  • psychological stress
  • socioeconomic status

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