@article{da7835ca00b3407e9dc6c653b40f8673,
title = "Incidence of diabetes mellitus following hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the United Kingdom: A prospective observational study",
abstract = "Background: People hospitalised for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have elevated incidence of diabetes. However, it is unclear whether this is due to shared risk factors, confounding or stress hyperglycaemia in response to acute illness. Methods: We analysed a multicentre prospective cohort study (PHOSP-COVID) of people ≥18 years discharged from NHS hospitals across the United Kingdom following COVID-19. Individuals were included if they attended at least one research visit with a HbA1c measurement within 14 months of discharge and had no history of diabetes at baseline. The primary outcome was new onset diabetes (any type), as defined by a first glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement ≥6.5% (≥48 mmol/mol). Follow-up was censored at the last HbA1c measurement. Age-standardised incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, length of hospital stay, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, deprivation, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia/hypercholesterolaemia, intensive therapy unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, corticosteroid use and C-reactive protein score) were calculated using Poisson regression. Incidence rates were compared with the control groups of published clinical trials in the United Kingdom by applying the same inclusion and exclusion criteria, where possible. Results: Incidence of diabetes was 91.4 per 1000 person-years and was higher in South Asian (incidence rate ratios [IRR] = 3.60; 1.77, 7.32; p < 0.001) and Black ethnic groups (IRR = 2.36; 1.07, 5.21; p = 0.03) compared with White ethnic groups. When restricted to similar characteristics, the incidence rates were similar to those in UK clinical trials data. Conclusion: Diabetes incidence following hospitalisation for COVID-19 is high, but it remains uncertain whether it is disproportionately higher than pre-pandemic levels.",
keywords = "cohort study, population study, real-world evidence, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes",
author = "{the PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative Group} and Freya Tyrer and Safoora Gharibzadeh and Clare Gillies and Claire Lawson and Ash Routen and Nazrul Islam and Cameron Razieh and Francesco Zaccardi and Tom Yates and Davies, {Melanie J.} and Brightling, {Christopher E.} and Chalmers, {James D.} and Docherty, {Annemarie B.} and Omer Elneima and Evans, {Rachael A.} and Greening, {Neil J.} and Harris, {Victoria C.} and Harrison, {Ewen M.} and Ho, {Ling Pei} and Alex Horsley and Linzy Houchen-Wolloff and Leavy, {Olivia C.} and Lone, {Nazir I.} and Michael Marks and McAuley, {Hamish J.C.} and Krisnah Poinasamy and Quint, {Jennifer K.} and Betty Raman and Matthew Richardson and Ruth Saunders and Marco Sereno and Aarti Shikotra and Amish Singapuri and Wain, {Louise V.} and Kamlesh Khunti and Brightling, {C. E.} and Evans, {R. A.} and Wain, {L. V.} and Chalmers, {J. D.} and Harris, {V. C.} and Ho, {L. P.} and A. Horsley and M. Marks and K. Poinasamy and B. Raman and A. Shikotra and A. Singapuri and Brightling, {C. E.} and Evans, {R. A.} and Wain, {L. V.} and R. Dowling and C. Edwardson and O. Elneima and S. Finney and Greening, {N. J.} and B. Hargadon and Harris, {V. C.} and L. Houchen-Wolloff and Leavy, {O. C.} and McAuley, {H. J.C.} and C. Overton and T. Plekhanova and Saunders, {R. M.} and M. Sereno and A. Singapuri and A. Shikotra and C. Taylor and S. Terry and C. Tong and B. Zhao and D. Lomas and E. Sapey and C. Berry and Bolton, {C. E.} and N. Brunskill and Chilvers, {E. R.} and R. Djukanovic and Y. Ellis and D. Forton and N. French and J. George and Hanley, {N. A.} and N. Hart and L. McGarvey and N. Maskell and H. McShane and M. Parkes and D. Peckham and P. Pfeffer and A. Sayer and A. Sheikh and Thompson, {A. A.R.} and N. Williams and Brightling, {C. E.} and W. Greenhalf and Semple, {M. G.} and M. Ashworth and Hardwick, {H. E.} and L. Lavelle-Langham and W. Reynolds and M. Sereno and Saunders, {R. M.} and A. Singapuri and V. Shaw and A. Shikotra and B. Venson and Wain, {L. V.} and Docherty, {A. B.} and Harrison, {E. M.} and A. Sheikh and Baillie, {J. K.} and Brightling, {C. E.} and L. Daines and R. Free and Evans, {R. A.} and S. Kerr and Leavy, {O. C.} and Lone, {N. I.} and McAuley, {H. J.C.} and R. Pius and J. Quint and M. Richardson and M. Sereno and M. Thorpe and Wain, {L. V.} and M. Halling-Brown and F. Gleeson and J. Jacob and S. Neubauer and B. Raman and S. Siddiqui and Wild, {J. M.} and S. Aslani and P. Jezzard and H. Lamlum and W. Lilaonitkul and E. Tunnicliffe and J. Willoughby and Wain, {L. V.} and Baillie, {J. K.} and H. Baxendale and Brightling, {C. E.} and M. Brown and Chalmers, {J. D.} and Evans, {R. A.} and B. Gooptu and W. Greenhalf and Hardwick, {H. E.} and Jenkins, {R. G.} and D. Jones and I. Koychev and C. Langenberg and A. Lawrie and Molyneaux, {P. L.} and A. Shikotra and J. Pearl and M. Ralser and N. Sattar and Saunders, {R. M.} and Scott, {J. T.} and T. Shaw and D. Thomas and D. Wilkinson and Heaney, {L. G.} and {De Soyza}, A. and D. Adeloye and Brightling, {C. E.} and Brown, {J. S.} and J. Busby and Chalmers, {J. D.} and C. Echevarria and L. Daines and O. Elneima and Evans, {R. A.} and J. Hurst and P. Novotny and P. Pfeffer and K. Poinasamy and J. Quint and I. Rudan and E. Sapey and M. Shankar-Hari and A. Sheikh and S. Siddiqui and S. Walker and B. Zheng and Geddes, {J. R.} and M. Hotopf and K. Abel and R. Ahmed and L. Allan and C. Armour and D. Baguley and D. Baldwin and C. Ballard and K. Bhui and G. Breen and M. Broome and T. Brugha and J. Mitchell",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 The Author(s). Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",
year = "2025",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1111/dom.16071",
language = "English",
volume = "27",
pages = "767--776",
journal = "Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism",
issn = "1462-8902",
number = "2",
}