In vitro biomechanical analysis of knee rotational stability

Several soft tissue structures and inherent anatomical characteristics contribute to stability of the knee. In vitro biomechanical studies provide valuable insight to the role of these factors as well as treatments to address rotational knee laxity by simulating clinical examinations and in vivo activities. The anterior cruciate ligament is a complex structure and is the main restraint for rotational laxity, and thus reconstruction surgeries should aim to restore its native anatomy. Other soft tissue structures such as the anterolateral structures and menisci also contribute as well, and injuries to these structures need to be properly assessed to achieve optimal outcomes. Findings from in vitro studies need to be appropriately coupled with in vivo studies to satisfy the ultimate goal of improving the clinical care of patients with knee ligamentous injuries.