TY - JOUR
T1 - In Situ Grown Gold Nanoisland-Based Chemiresistive Electronic Nose for Sniffing Distinct Odor Fingerprints
AU - Gupta, Prashant
AU - Gholami Derami, Hamed
AU - Mehta, Darshit
AU - Yilmaz, Huzeyfe
AU - Chakrabartty, Shantanu
AU - Raman, Baranidharan
AU - Singamaneni, Srikanth
N1 - Funding Information:
We acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research (Award # N00014-16-1-3030) and the National Science Foundation (CBET-1908167). The authors would like to thank the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (IMSE) at Washington University for providing access to electron microscopy facilities.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2022/1/19
Y1 - 2022/1/19
N2 - Chemiresistors based on metal-insulator-metal structures are attractive transducers for rapid tracing of a wide repertoire of (bio)chemical species in the vapor phase. However, current fabrication techniques suffer greatly from sensor-to-sensor variability, limiting their reproducible and reliable application in real-world settings. We demonstrate a novel, facile, and ubiquitously applicable strategy for fabricating highly reliable and reproducible organothiol-functionalized gold nanoisland-based chemiresistors. The novel fabrication technique involves iterative in situ seeding, growth, and surface functionalization of gold nanoislands on an interdigitated electrode, which in turn generates a multi-layered densely packed continuous gold nanoisland film. The chemiresistors fabricated using the proposed strategy exhibited high sensor-to-sensor reproducibility owing to the controlled iterative seeding and growth-based fabrication technique, long-term stability, and specificity for detection and identification of a wide variety of volatile organic compounds. Upon exposure to a specific odor, the chemiresistor ensemble comprised nine different chemical functionalities and produced a unique and discernable odor fingerprint that is reproducible for at least up to 90 days. Integrating these odor fingerprints with a simple linear classifier was found to be sufficient for discriminating between all six odors used in this study. We believe that the fabrication strategy presented here, which is agnostic to chemical functionality, enables fabrication of highly reliable and reproducible sensing elements, and thereby an adaptable electronic nose for a wide variety of real-world gas sensing applications.
AB - Chemiresistors based on metal-insulator-metal structures are attractive transducers for rapid tracing of a wide repertoire of (bio)chemical species in the vapor phase. However, current fabrication techniques suffer greatly from sensor-to-sensor variability, limiting their reproducible and reliable application in real-world settings. We demonstrate a novel, facile, and ubiquitously applicable strategy for fabricating highly reliable and reproducible organothiol-functionalized gold nanoisland-based chemiresistors. The novel fabrication technique involves iterative in situ seeding, growth, and surface functionalization of gold nanoislands on an interdigitated electrode, which in turn generates a multi-layered densely packed continuous gold nanoisland film. The chemiresistors fabricated using the proposed strategy exhibited high sensor-to-sensor reproducibility owing to the controlled iterative seeding and growth-based fabrication technique, long-term stability, and specificity for detection and identification of a wide variety of volatile organic compounds. Upon exposure to a specific odor, the chemiresistor ensemble comprised nine different chemical functionalities and produced a unique and discernable odor fingerprint that is reproducible for at least up to 90 days. Integrating these odor fingerprints with a simple linear classifier was found to be sufficient for discriminating between all six odors used in this study. We believe that the fabrication strategy presented here, which is agnostic to chemical functionality, enables fabrication of highly reliable and reproducible sensing elements, and thereby an adaptable electronic nose for a wide variety of real-world gas sensing applications.
KW - chemiresistor
KW - electronic nose
KW - gold nanoisland
KW - odor fingerprinting
KW - volatile organic compounds
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85123812698&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acsami.1c22173
DO - 10.1021/acsami.1c22173
M3 - Article
C2 - 34995447
AN - SCOPUS:85123812698
SN - 1944-8244
VL - 14
SP - 3207
EP - 3217
JO - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
JF - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
IS - 2
ER -