Implantology of Paediatric Lower Extremity Fractures

Paediatric lower extremity fractures constitute a large proportion of paediatric injuries. While many lower extremity fractures can be successfully managed without surgery, there are a significant number that benefit from surgical fixation with implants. Many implant options are available for the treatment of these injuries including wires, plates, screws, and rods. Paediatric anatomy is unique and plays an important role in proper implant selection. The physis contributes significantly to growth and should always be considered during surgical fixation. The blood supply, especially in areas like the hip, requires special attention in the paediatric population as well. Understanding how implants may affect future musculoskeletal development is crucial when treating lower extremity fractures. While indications for surgical fixation are well accepted, elective removal of implants remains controversial for many implants. The timing of removal of implants varies depending on the implant.