TY - JOUR
T1 - Hypothalamic orexin neurons regulate arousal according to energy balance in mice
AU - Yamanaka, Akihiro
AU - Beuckmann, Carsten T.
AU - Willie, Jon T.
AU - Hara, Junko
AU - Tsujino, Natsuko
AU - Mieda, Michihiro
AU - Tominaga, Makoto
AU - Yagami, Ken Ichi
AU - Sugiyama, Fumihiro
AU - Goto, Katsutoshi
AU - Yanagisawa, Masashi
AU - Sakurai, Takeshi
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank Drs. M. Brown, M. Masu, T. Yada, C. Sinton, and R. Chemelli for valuable discussions, and N. Kajiwara, K. Furuya, S. Dixon, S. Seyedkalal, and B. Perkins for technical assistance. M.Y. is an Investigator and C.T.B. is a former Associate of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. J.T.W. is a joint fellow of the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and the Medical Scientist Training Program of UTSW. This study was supported in part by a grant-in-aid for scientific research from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan; University of Tsukuba Project Research; Novartis Foundation (Japan) for the Promotion of Science; the Mitsubishi Foundation; the Uehara Memorial Foundation; the W.M. Keck Foundation; the Perot Family Foundation; and the ERATO from the Japan Science and Technology Corporation.
PY - 2003/6/5
Y1 - 2003/6/5
N2 - Mammals respond to reduced food availability by becoming more wakeful and active, yet the central pathways regulating arousal and instinctual motor programs (such as food seeking) according to homeostatic need are not well understood. We demonstrate that hypothalamic orexin neurons monitor indicators of energy balance and mediate adaptive augmentation of arousal in response to fasting. Activity of isolated orexin neurons is inhibited by glucose and leptin and stimulated by ghrelin. Orexin expression of normal and ob/ob mice correlates negatively with changes in blood glucose, leptin, and food intake. Transgenic mice, in which orexin neurons are ablated, fail to respond to fasting with increased wakefulness and activity. These findings indicate that orexin neurons provide a crucial link between energy balance and arousal.
AB - Mammals respond to reduced food availability by becoming more wakeful and active, yet the central pathways regulating arousal and instinctual motor programs (such as food seeking) according to homeostatic need are not well understood. We demonstrate that hypothalamic orexin neurons monitor indicators of energy balance and mediate adaptive augmentation of arousal in response to fasting. Activity of isolated orexin neurons is inhibited by glucose and leptin and stimulated by ghrelin. Orexin expression of normal and ob/ob mice correlates negatively with changes in blood glucose, leptin, and food intake. Transgenic mice, in which orexin neurons are ablated, fail to respond to fasting with increased wakefulness and activity. These findings indicate that orexin neurons provide a crucial link between energy balance and arousal.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0038521277&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00331-3
DO - 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00331-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 12797956
AN - SCOPUS:0038521277
SN - 0896-6273
VL - 38
SP - 701
EP - 713
JO - Neuron
JF - Neuron
IS - 5
ER -