@inbook{f918ceb44e74428faa2e25a5a4e6719c,
title = "Hyperpolarized carbon (13C) MRI of the Kidney: Experimental Protocol",
abstract = "Alterations in renal metabolism are associated with both physiological and pathophysiologic events. The existing noninvasive analytic tools including medical imaging have limited capability for investigating these processes, which potentially limits current understanding of kidney disease and the precision of its clinical diagnosis. Hyperpolarized 13C MRI is a new medical imaging modality that can capture changes in the metabolic processing of certain rapidly metabolized substrates, as well as changes in kidney function. Here we describe experimental protocols for renal metabolic [1-13C]pyruvate and functional 13C-urea imaging step-by-step. These methods and protocols are useful for investigating renal blood flow and function as well as the renal metabolic status of rodents in vivo under various experimental (patho)physiological conditions. This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This experimental protocol is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and data analysis.",
keywords = "13C, DNP, Hyperpolarization, Kidney, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Mice, Rats",
author = "Christoffer Laustsen and {von Morze}, Cornelius and Reed, {Galen D.}",
note = "Funding Information: This chapter is based upon work from COST Action PARENCH IMA, supported by European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST). COST (www.cost.eu) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. COST Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to enrich their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career, and innovation. PARENCHIMA (renalmri.org) is a community-driven Action in the COST program of the European Union, which unites more than 200 experts in renal MRI from 30 countries with the aim to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. Funding Information: This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This experimental protocol is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and data analysis. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2021.",
year = "2021",
doi = "10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_29",
language = "English",
series = "Methods in Molecular Biology",
publisher = "Humana Press Inc.",
pages = "481--493",
booktitle = "Methods in Molecular Biology",
}