@article{05b8a9cc22e348d4bca0dde2fdd121d5,
title = "Higher-order assemblies in immune signaling: supramolecular complexes and phase separation",
abstract = "Signaling pathways in innate and adaptive immunity play vital roles in pathogen recognition and the functions of immune cells. Higher-order assemblies have recently emerged as a central principle that governs immune signaling and, by extension, cellular communication in general. There are mainly two types of higher-order assemblies: 1) ordered, solid-like large supramolecular complexes formed by stable and rigid protein-protein interactions, and 2) liquid-like phase-separated condensates formed by weaker and more dynamic intermolecular interactions. This review covers key examples of both types of higher-order assemblies in major immune pathways. By placing emphasis on the molecular structures of the examples provided, we discuss how their structural organization enables elegant mechanisms of signaling regulation.",
keywords = "BCR, RLR, TCR, TLR, TNFR, cGAS, death domain, higher-order assembly, phase separation, signalosome, immune signaling, inflammasome",
author = "Shiyu Xia and Zhenhang Chen and Chen Shen and Fu, {Tian Min}",
note = "Funding Information: AIM2, absent in melanoma 2; Apaf-1, apoptotic protease activating factor 1; ASC, apoptosis-associated speck like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain; BAF1, barrier-to-autointegration factor 1; BCR, B cell receptor; CARD, caspase recruitment domain; COPs, CARD-only proteins; CTT, C-terminal tail; DD, death domain; cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS); DED, death effector domain; dsRNA, double-stranded RNA; FADD, Fas-associated protein with death domain; FasL, Fas ligand; GSDMD, gasdermin D; IDRs, intrinsic-disorder regions; IL-1β, interkleukin-1β; INCA, inhibitor of CARD; IRAK, IL receptor-associated kinase; IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3; LAT, linker for activation of T-cells; LLPS, liquid-liquid phase separation; LPS, lipopolysacharrides; LRRs, leucine-rich repeats; MAL, MyD88-adapter-like; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MAVS, mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein; MDA5, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5; MHC, major histocompatibility; MyD88, myeloid differentiation factor 88; NLRC4, the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich-containing family CARD-containing protein 4; NLRP3, the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich-containing family PYD-containing protein 3; NTases, nucleotidyltransferase; PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PRRs, pattern recognition receptors; PYD, pyrin domain; RIG-I, retinoic acid-inducible gene I; RLRs, RIG-I-like receptors; stimulator of interferon genes (STING); ssRNA, single-stranded RNA; STING, stimulator of interferon genes; TBK1, TANK-binding kinases 1; tCARDs, tandem CARDs; TCR, T-cell receptor; tDEDs, tandem DEDs; TIR, Toll/IL-1 receptor; TLRs, Toll-like receptors; TNFRs, tumor necrosis factor receptors. T.M.F. is supported by the Ohio State University Startup fund and C.S. is supported by a Cancer Research Institute Irvington Postdoctoral Fellowship. We apologize for incomplete citations due to space limitations. Funding Information: T.M.F. is supported by the Ohio State University Startup fund and C.S. is supported by a Cancer Research Institute Irvington Postdoctoral Fellowship. We apologize for incomplete citations due to space limitations. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s).",
year = "2021",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1007/s13238-021-00839-6",
language = "English",
volume = "12",
pages = "680--694",
journal = "Protein and Cell",
issn = "1674-800X",
number = "9",
}