TY - JOUR
T1 - Herpes simplex virus Us3(-) mutant as oncolytic strategy and synergizes with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-targeting molecular therapeutics
AU - Liu, Ta Chiang
AU - Wakimoto, Hiroaki
AU - Martuza, Robert L.
AU - Rabkin, Samuel D.
PY - 2007/10/1
Y1 - 2007/10/1
N2 - Purpose: Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors have shown safety in clinical trials, but efficacy remains unsatisfactory. Novel HSV vectors that possess tumor selectivity with enhanced potency are therefore needed. The gene product of HSV Us3 protects virus-infected cells from apoptosis, a cellular pathway frequently dysfunctional in tumors. We hypothesized that Us3 mutants, whose replication would be inhibited by apoptosis in normal cells, would be selective for tumor cells. Experimental Design: HSV mutants G207 (ribonucleotide reductase-/γ34.5-), R7041 (Us3-), and R7306 (Us3 revertant) were tested in normal and tumor cells for viral replication, antitumoral potency, apoptosis induction, and Akt activation. Safety and biodistribution after systemic administration and antitumoral efficacy after intratumoral (i.t.) or i.v. administrationwere examined. Results: Us3 deletion results in upt o 3-log replication inhibition in normal cells, which correlates with enhanced apoptosis induction. In contrast, R7041 replicates very well in tumor cells, showing 1 to 2 log greater yield than G207. In vivo, R7041 shows no signs of toxicity after systemic delivery in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice and shows preferential and prolonged replication in tumors compared with normal tissues. R7041 displays significant antitumoral efficacy after i.t. or i.v. administration. An additional feature of Us3 mutants is enhanced Akt activation compared with wild-type infection, which sensitizes cells to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt inhibitors (LY294002, Akt inhibitor IV), shown by synergistic antitumoral activity in vitro and enhanced efficacy in vivo. Conclusions: Us3 deletion confers enhanced tumor selectivity and antitumoral potency on herpes simplex virus-1and provides for a novel mechanism of combination therapy with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt- targeting molecular therapeutics.
AB - Purpose: Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors have shown safety in clinical trials, but efficacy remains unsatisfactory. Novel HSV vectors that possess tumor selectivity with enhanced potency are therefore needed. The gene product of HSV Us3 protects virus-infected cells from apoptosis, a cellular pathway frequently dysfunctional in tumors. We hypothesized that Us3 mutants, whose replication would be inhibited by apoptosis in normal cells, would be selective for tumor cells. Experimental Design: HSV mutants G207 (ribonucleotide reductase-/γ34.5-), R7041 (Us3-), and R7306 (Us3 revertant) were tested in normal and tumor cells for viral replication, antitumoral potency, apoptosis induction, and Akt activation. Safety and biodistribution after systemic administration and antitumoral efficacy after intratumoral (i.t.) or i.v. administrationwere examined. Results: Us3 deletion results in upt o 3-log replication inhibition in normal cells, which correlates with enhanced apoptosis induction. In contrast, R7041 replicates very well in tumor cells, showing 1 to 2 log greater yield than G207. In vivo, R7041 shows no signs of toxicity after systemic delivery in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice and shows preferential and prolonged replication in tumors compared with normal tissues. R7041 displays significant antitumoral efficacy after i.t. or i.v. administration. An additional feature of Us3 mutants is enhanced Akt activation compared with wild-type infection, which sensitizes cells to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt inhibitors (LY294002, Akt inhibitor IV), shown by synergistic antitumoral activity in vitro and enhanced efficacy in vivo. Conclusions: Us3 deletion confers enhanced tumor selectivity and antitumoral potency on herpes simplex virus-1and provides for a novel mechanism of combination therapy with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt- targeting molecular therapeutics.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=35348898463&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1013
DO - 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1013
M3 - Article
C2 - 17908985
AN - SCOPUS:35348898463
SN - 1078-0432
VL - 13
SP - 5897
EP - 5902
JO - Clinical Cancer Research
JF - Clinical Cancer Research
IS - 19
ER -