TY - JOUR
T1 - Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Radio-frequency Ablation
T2 - Spectrum of Imaging Findings
AU - Kim, Seung Kwon
AU - Lim, Hyo Keun
AU - Kim, Young Han
AU - Lee, Won Jae
AU - Lee, Soon Jin
AU - Kim, Seung Hoon
AU - Lim, Jae Hoon
AU - Kim, Soo Ah
PY - 2003
Y1 - 2003
N2 - Contrast material-enhanced Doppler or gray-scale harmonic ultrasonography (US) may help determine the completeness or long-term therapeutic efficacy of radio-frequency (RF) ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Successfully treated HCC is devoid of vascularity at color or power Doppler US. When the tumor is not completely treated, residual viable tumor can be detected. These contrast-enhanced US techniques may also help identify residual tumor when performed during repeat RF ablation, when accurate localization of viable tumor is needed. To date, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) has been the most widely used imaging modality in the evaluation of therapeutic response after RF ablation of HCC. At follow-up CT, successfully ablated lesions appear as low-attenuation areas with no foci of contrast enhancement either within or at the periphery of the treated lesion, whereas any foci of enhancement indicate residual or recurrent tumor. Reactive hyperemia in tissue surrounding the ablated lesion, iatrogenic arterioportal shunting, and small intralesional air pockets are frequently seen at immediate follow-up CT. Gadolinium-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance imaging is also useful in assessing therapeutic response following RF ablation of HCC, particularly when CT findings are inconclusive. Familiarity with these imaging findings is helpful in this setting.
AB - Contrast material-enhanced Doppler or gray-scale harmonic ultrasonography (US) may help determine the completeness or long-term therapeutic efficacy of radio-frequency (RF) ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Successfully treated HCC is devoid of vascularity at color or power Doppler US. When the tumor is not completely treated, residual viable tumor can be detected. These contrast-enhanced US techniques may also help identify residual tumor when performed during repeat RF ablation, when accurate localization of viable tumor is needed. To date, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) has been the most widely used imaging modality in the evaluation of therapeutic response after RF ablation of HCC. At follow-up CT, successfully ablated lesions appear as low-attenuation areas with no foci of contrast enhancement either within or at the periphery of the treated lesion, whereas any foci of enhancement indicate residual or recurrent tumor. Reactive hyperemia in tissue surrounding the ablated lesion, iatrogenic arterioportal shunting, and small intralesional air pockets are frequently seen at immediate follow-up CT. Gadolinium-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance imaging is also useful in assessing therapeutic response following RF ablation of HCC, particularly when CT findings are inconclusive. Familiarity with these imaging findings is helpful in this setting.
KW - Liver neoplasms, 76.323
KW - Liver neoplasms, CT, 76.1211
KW - Liver neoplasms, MR, 76.1214
KW - Liver neoplasms, US, 76.1298
KW - Liver neoplasms, therapy
KW - Radiofrequency (RF) ablation, 761.1269
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0038192383&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1148/rg.231025055
DO - 10.1148/rg.231025055
M3 - Review article
C2 - 12533646
AN - SCOPUS:0038192383
SN - 0271-5333
VL - 23
SP - 107
EP - 121
JO - Radiographics
JF - Radiographics
IS - 1
ER -