@article{81dd5cae0490433d969f595392d04386,
title = "Hepatitis B virus infection among HIV-infected pregnant women in Malawi and transmission to infants",
abstract = "Background & Aims The extent of HBV infection to infants of HBV/HIV-coinfected pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of HBV infection among antiretroviral- na{\"i}ve, HIV-infected pregnant women in Malawi and examine HBV transmission to their infants. Methods Plasma from 2048 HIV-infected, Malawian women and their infants were tested for markers of HBV infection. Study participants were provided standard-of-care health services, which included administration of pentavalent vaccine to infants at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Results One-hundred and three women (5%) were HBsAg-positive; 70 of these HBsAg-positive women were also HBV-DNA-positive. Sixteen women (0.8%) were HBV-DNA-positive but HBsAg-negative. Five of 51 infants (9.8%) born to HBsAg-positive and/or HBV-DNA-positive women were HBV-DNA-positive by 48 weeks of age. HBV DNA concentrations of two infants of mothers who received extended lamivudine-containing anti-HIV prophylaxis were <4 log10 IU/ml compared to ≥8 log10 IU/ml in three infants of mothers who did not. Conclusions HBV DNA was detected in nearly 10% of infants born to HBV/HIV-coinfected women. Antenatal testing for HIV and HBV, if instituted, can facilitate implementation of prophylactic measures against infant infection by both viruses.",
keywords = "Antiviral therapy, HIV, Hepatitis, Mother-to-child transmission, Sub-Saharan Africa",
author = "Chasela, {Charles S.} and Kourtis, {Athena P.} and Patrick Wall and Jan Drobeniuc and King, {Caroline C.} and Hong Thai and Teshale, {Eyasu H.} and Mina Hosseinipour and Sascha Ellington and Codd, {Mary B.} and Jamieson, {Denise J.} and Rod Knight and Patricia Fitzpatrick and Saleem Kamili and Irving Hoffman and Dumbani Kayira and Noel Mumba and Kamwendo, {Deborah D.} and Francis Martinson and William Powderly and Teo, {Chong Gee} and {Van Der Horst}, Charles",
note = "Funding Information: The BAN study was supported by grants from the Prevention Research Centers Special Interest Project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [SIP 13-01 U48-CCU409660-09, SIP 26-04 U48-DP000059-01, and SIP 22-09 U48-DP001944-01]; the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; the University of North Carolina (UNC) Center for AIDS Research [P30-AI50410]; University College Dublin (UCD) Ad Astra Fellowship; and the NIH Fogarty AIDS International Training and Research Program [DHHS/NIH/FIC 2-D43 Tw01039-06 and R24 Tw00798; the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act]. The antiretrovirals used in the BAN study were donated by Abbott Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche Pharmaceuticals, and Bristol-Myers Squibb. The Call to Action PMTCT program was supported by the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, the United Nations Children{\textquoteright}s Fund, the World Food Program, the Malawi Ministry of Health and Population, Johnson & Johnson, and the U.S. Agency for International Development. ",
year = "2014",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1016/j.jhep.2013.10.029",
language = "English",
volume = "60",
pages = "508--514",
journal = "Journal of Hepatology",
issn = "0168-8278",
number = "3",
}